Standard back-translation procedures may not capture proper emotion concepts: a case study of Chinese disgust terms

We present data questioning the adequacy of standard back-translation procedures for investigating emotion states across cultures (Brislin, 1970). Our data indicate that the Chinese back-translation of the term disgust has led cross-cultural researchers to accept terms whose themes, goals, and motivations are more akin to the English term anger. Evidence is presented showing that, compared with the standard back-translation method, a more painstaking interview method found a better translational Chinese equivalent for the English term disgust. Implications for the use of back-translation in cross-cultural research are considered.     

职业生涯背景行动理论及其方法的述评

背景行动理论是职业生涯研究中的新理论。此理论以人类职业行动为基本研究单位,认为:(1)人类的职业行动在本质上都是意向性和目标指向的;(2)应在日常生活中了解人们的职业观念、解释和选择;(3)职业是社会建构的。行动-项目质性方法基于此理论产生,从外显行为、内在过程和社会意义三方面收集职业行动的完整信息。背景行动理论对职业行动、发展过程及社会意义的认识为职业生涯研究提供了新的理论视角。     

大学生职业成熟度研究

本文对台湾学者的职业成熟度问卷进行了修订。结果显示经修订得到的大学生职业成熟度问卷具有较好的信度、效度,可以作为我国大学生职业成熟度的测量工具。     

The Career Human Agency Theory

The authors propose a constructivist theory of career human agency to integrate and update the existing career theoretical models to better address the current postmodern zeitgeist. The career human agency theory (CHAT) represents a metatheory of career psychology guided by the principles of Bandura’s human agency framework and informs career development practice and counseling interventions. CHAT promotes the enactment of personal, proxy, and collective agency in the face of uncertainty and adversity. This article describes 4 pillar principles of career agency and provides concrete examples for career counseling application.     

幼儿与成人依恋关系的特质和同伴交往能力的联系

参加研究的被试是来自北京某公立幼儿园的７８名幼儿和他们的母亲（７８位）以及幼儿园老师（１２位）。幼儿平均年龄为四岁十个月。用来测量亲子和师生依恋关系的工具是中文版的沃特斯－迪因儿童依恋行为分类卡片。儿童同伴交往能力用同伴间社会交往测量和教师的评分来评定。研究结果表明,亲子依恋和师生依恋关系的安全性与学前儿童的同伴交往能力有显著相关,依恋安全性得分高的幼儿具有较低的攻击性、乐于帮助别人、在群体中更受同伴喜爱。     

Culture and sensory response to visual stimuli

This study investigated the influence of culture on people's sensory responses, such as smell, taste, sound and touch to visual stimuli. The sensory feelings of university students from four countries (Japan, South Korea, Britain and France) to six images were evaluated. The images combined real and abstract objects and were presented on a notebook computer. Overall, 280 participants (144 men and 136 women; n = 70/country) were included in the statistical analysis. The chi‐square independence analysis showed differences and similarities in the sensory responses across countries. Most differences were detected in smell and taste, whereas few variations were observed for sound responses. Large variations in the response were observed for the abstract coral and butterfly images, but few differences were detected in response to the real leaf image. These variations in response were mostly found in the British and Japanese participants.     

Pathological Dissociation and Its Relationships with Aggression and Delinquency in a College Student Sample in Hong Kong

Pathological dissociation is widely regarded as a cross-culturally occurring condition related to trauma and adversity and is an important construct in the mental health field. Yet, the frequency of pathological dissociation in both clinical and nonclinical populations in Hong Kong remains unknown. In addition, the relationship of pathological dissociation with aggression and delinquency requires further investigation. To investigate these relationships, we administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale-Taxon (DES-T), the 5-item Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-5), selected sections from the Self-Report Version of the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (SR-DDIS), the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ), and a delinquent behaviors checklist to 177 college students in Hong Kong. The findings suggest that pathological dissociation is not as rare as it is traditionally believed to be in Hong Kong. In our sample, 4.52% of the participants may have a DSM-5 dissociative disorder (including other specified dissociative disorder) while 9.60% met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Our findings indicate that the RPQ total score and delinquency may be more characteristic of BPD than of pathological dissociation. In addition, while reactive aggression was related to pathological dissociation and BPD symptoms in both genders, proactive aggression was related to pathological dissociation and BPD symptoms only in females. Although the findings of this study are preliminary and the results should be interpreted with caution, the study provides the first data regarding pathological dissociation and its relationship with aggression and delinquency in Hong Kong. Some implications for research and practice are highlighted. Further investigation of pathological dissociation in Hong Kong is necessary. In addition, more studies are essential to further examine the relationships between pathological dissociation, aggression, and delinquency in both clinical and nonclinical populations.     

Who,What and Where (WWW) Problems in Scientific Communities

Science and Engineering Ethics - The results of the National Higher Education Entrance Examination (Gaokao, in Chinese) have a life-long effect on most Chinese by labeling them clever or not. Some...     

青少年抑郁的快感缺失的神经机制研究

抑郁逐渐低龄化使得青少年抑郁备受关注。快感缺失,作为抑郁的一种核心临床症状,已成为抑郁最具前景的内表型之一。然而,青少年抑郁的快感缺失的神经机制迄今仍不清楚。本研究首先汇总两种神经机制模型即三元模型和社会挫折模型;其次,在多种奖励加工如金钱奖励、努力动机奖励、未来奖励和社会奖励条件下,概述青少年抑郁的快感缺失的神经机制前沿进展。未来可以深入探索努力动机奖励和未来奖励在预测青少年抑郁中的作用,加强研究青春期阶段与性别是如何交互影响早期抑郁快感缺失,将无创伤电磁刺激应用于青少年抑郁干预中,进一步澄清青少年抑郁的快感缺失的神经发展机制。     

The relationship between pulmonary function and suicidal ideation in Korean adults: a nationwide survey

Controversy surrounds the association between lung function and mental health in the general population, and previous reported results were confounded by the effect of other chronic illnesses. This study aimed to investigate whether reduced lung function was related to mental health issues, taking into consideration the relevant potential confounders. We used data from the 2008–2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine the relationship between lung function and three mental issues (recognized stress, depressive mood, and suicidal ideation) among 22,068 Korean adults. A multiple logistic regression with adjustment for potential covariates including chronic illnesses revealed that a .5-L decrement of forced vital capacity increased the risk for suicidal ideation in both genders, but there was no significant association with recognized stress or depressive mood. We found an inverse relationship between lung function and suicidal ideation in the Korean general population.