记忆源检测研究综述

该文围绕记忆信息源检测这一二十世纪80年代后出现的新的研究领域,着重介绍了有较大影响的信源检测框架理论及其在源记忆错觉和神经机制方面的主要研究成果,并最后对这一领域研究的理论意义和现实意义进行了讨论。     

目标定向、自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系

以207名企业员工为研究对象,探讨了目标定向、自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系及自我效能感在目标定向和主观幸福感之间的中介作用。结果表明:学习目标定向、工作自我效能感和社交自我效能感均对主观幸福感有着显著的正向影响;主观幸福感对任务绩效有着显著的正向影响;同时,工作自我效能感在学习目标定向和主观幸福感之间起着完全中介作用。     

Political thought in early confucianism

The political philosophy of early Confucianism mainly focuses on the “shi ± (scholar).” It is built on ideas such as that of “establishing a ruler in consideration of the people,” “taking yi 义 (righteousness) as li 利 (benefit)” and “following the Dao but not the ruler,” which demonstrate the foundations of political legitimacy, justice as a political principle, and principles of a scholar to become an official. Although the political thought of early Confucianism has its historical limitations, such as the lack of both political equality and the universal recognition of rights, there is both a demand for and possibility of democratic politics in the philosophy. Thus, how to extend awareness of scholars to awareness of people and how to transform a focus on virtue into a focus on rights become the crucial theoretical questions that Confucianism faces in the contemporary world.     

急性高原病易感人群筛选研究的一些思考

高原缺氧存在易感人群,目前对高原易感人群的筛查主要从进入高原前后人体功能、组织因子及蛋白的变化等方面进行研究,有学者开始从基因水平筛查高原易感人群,基因研究虽然面临许多困难,但它可能是高原易感人群筛查中最有前景的研究方法,应是今后研究的重要方向。     

两种水化疗法对预防对比剂肾病的效果研究

比较两种水化疗法对对比剂肾病(contrast-induced nephropathy,CIN)的预防效果。将150例患者随机分为氯化钠水化组(50例)、碳酸氢钠水化组(50例)和常规治疗组(50例),检测患者造影前3天内及造影后第3天、7天的血肌酐、尿素氮和尿β2微球蛋白。分析三组患者CIN的发病率。结果两水化组CIN的发病率均显著低于常规治疗组(P0.05),两水化组间CIN的发病率无明显差异(P0.05)。结果提示两种水化疗法对CIN的预防效果相仿。     

急性高原病易感人群筛选研究的一些思考

高原缺氧存在易感人群,目前对高原易感人群的筛查主要从进入高原前后人体功能、组织因子及蛋白的变化等方面进行研究,有学者开始从基因水平筛查高原易感人群,基因研究虽然面临许多困难,但它可能是高原易感人群筛查中最有前景的研究方法,应是今后研究的重要方向.     

缺血后适应脑保护的耗散结构基础与脑缺血损伤的非线性特征

脑缺血损伤的机制十分复杂,主要内容涉及谷氨酸兴奋毒性、Ca2＋毒性、自由基损伤、一氧化氮损伤、炎性反应以及内质网和线粒体功能障碍等,这些复杂的机制网络具有耗散结构的非线性特征。近年发现缺血后适应可能通过P13K、Akt、MAPK、PKC等通路,KATP通道,抗凋亡等方式阻止或减轻损伤,从而实现脑保护,而形成一个复杂的信号转导体系。而对复杂的生命系统的研究起着指导作用的耗散结构理论是从更高水平层次研究复杂系统的系统科学,文中将从哲学的角度阐释缺血后适应产生大脑保护的耗散结构基础。     

Internet-delivered physical activity intervention for college students with mental health disorders: a randomized pilot trial

The prevalence of mental health disorders among college students is rising and the increasing rates of anxiety and depression have important societal implications. Physical activity has been proposed as an adjuvant to traditional treatment approaches (i.e. psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy), and the internet is a potentially useful means of delivering physical activity information to the college-aged population. This randomized pilot trial examined the effects of an internet-based physical activity intervention on physical activity, self-efficacy, depression, and anxiety in college students (n?=?47) receiving mental health counseling. Physical activity, depression, anxiety, exercise self-efficacy, and barriers self-efficacy were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. There was a significant time effect for physical activity, with both groups increasing their physical activity levels across the 10-week intervention but with a larger increase in the intervention condition (d?=?0.68) than the control condition (d?=?0.05). Exercise and barriers self-efficacy declined across the intervention, but more so in the control than intervention condition. Effects on depression and anxiety were nonsignificant. Finally, correlation analyses showed increases in physical activity were associated with increases in exercise self-efficacy (r?=?0.62) and barriers self-efficacy (r?=?0.63) and decreases in depression (r?=?-0.44) in the intervention condition, but not in the control condition. These results suggest that an internet-delivered physical activity intervention may be a promising approach to promoting physical activity among college students undergoing mental health counseling.     

Standard back-translation procedures may not capture proper emotion concepts: a case study of Chinese disgust terms

We present data questioning the adequacy of standard back-translation procedures for investigating emotion states across cultures (Brislin, 1970). Our data indicate that the Chinese back-translation of the term disgust has led cross-cultural researchers to accept terms whose themes, goals, and motivations are more akin to the English term anger. Evidence is presented showing that, compared with the standard back-translation method, a more painstaking interview method found a better translational Chinese equivalent for the English term disgust. Implications for the use of back-translation in cross-cultural research are considered.     

Open or close the door to the outgroup? Diversity beliefs moderate the impact of group boundary permeability on attitudes toward the outgroup

The present research investigated the moderating role of diversity beliefs with the aim of reconciling inconsistent findings regarding the impact of group boundary permeability on attitudes toward outgroup. In Study 1, all variables were measured with self‐report scales completed by Chinese participants. In Study 2, diversity beliefs were manipulated by randomly assigning Chinese participants to a high or low diversity belief condition. In Study 3, we replicated the moderating model with American participants. Results of all three studies indicated that diversity beliefs moderated the relationship between group boundary permeability and attitudes toward outgroup. Individuals with high diversity beliefs held more positive attitudes toward the outgroup when the group boundary was permeable (vs. impermeable). Conversely, individuals with low diversity beliefs held more negative attitudes toward the outgroup when the group boundary was permeable (vs. impermeable). These findings suggest that when the inflow of the outgroup members is inevitable, attitudes toward the outgroup may be effectively improved by increasing diversity beliefs.