Linking perceived market competition threat to moral disengagement: The roles of fear of failure and moral relativism

Current Psychology - Drawing on moral disengagement theory, this study examined the interplay of perceived market competition threat, fear of failure, moral relativism, and moral disengagement....     

公平规范执行中内群体偏爱的心理发展机制

如何揭示群体规范和公平价值在个体心理发展中的作用机理, 提升儿童-青少年在群际互动当中的公平感知与规范执行, 是教育心理领域的关键问题。公平规范执行中内群体偏爱现象是近年来的研究热点之一, 然而先前研究存在以下不足：1)大多采用问卷法, 易受社会赞许性的影响, 存在言行不一致的情况; 2)大多采用情景实验, 聚焦社会互动的最终行为输出端, 无法实时有效地把握社会决策的动态进程; 3)脑成像研究仍以fMRI技术为主, 侧重于评估认知加工潜在的脑区激活模式及各脑区间的功能连接, 缺乏对群际公平规范执行中大脑激活动态模式的精确把握。针对这些不足, 本项目从资产分配情景出发, 以儿童和青少年为研究对象, 联合运用认知、行为、眼动和电生理等多层次测评手段, 对公平规范执行中内群体偏爱的发生过程进行认知解析, 探讨认知控制和心智化在其间的关键作用机制及其心理发展轨迹。研究结果将服务于中小学管理中的德育教育, 引导与培养学生的公正感与行为。     

青少年早期同伴侵害的亚类别及其稳定性:个体定向的分析

以山东省济南市12所初中的2015名初一学生为被试,对其持续追踪至初二年级,采用自我报告法测查青少年的同伴侵害、受欺负和社交退缩,采用同伴提名法测查青少年的攻击行为。采用潜在剖面分析和潜在转变分析,探讨青少年早期同伴侵害的亚类别以及各亚类别中青少年受侵害身份的稳定性与发展变化。结果发现：（1）同伴侵害亚类别可以分为：未受侵害组、低受侵害组、中等受侵害组和高受侵害组四类,各亚类别间的异质性主要体现在受侵害程度上;（2）中等受侵害组和高受侵害组表现出高水平的攻击行为和社交退缩,且高受侵害组的社交退缩行为更多;（3）青少年早期个体的受侵害身份具有中到高水平的稳定性,同时也存在着一定的发展变化,主要表现为高受侵害组青少年倾向于向中等受侵害组转变,中等受侵害组青少年倾向于向低受侵害组转变。攻击行为是受侵害身份转变的重要预测因素。     

社会距离和性别对公平关注的影响

本研究使用单次匿名最后通牒博弈任务,采用2（性别: 男性, 女性）×3（社会距离: 自我决策, 替朋友决策, 替他人决策）×5（提议类型: 1/9, 2/8, 3/7, 4/6, 5/5）的混合实验设计,通过操作反应者的不同社会距离,考察资产分配情境下自我-他人决策的性别差异。研究结果发现：（1）相比于自我决策和替朋友决策,女性被试替他人决策时更愿意接受提议1/9,2/8和3/7,而提议4/6和5/5的接受率不受社会距离的影响;男性被试中社会距离和提议类型的交互作用不显著;（2）不平等提议的反应时随社会距离增加而逐渐降低,而平等提议的反应时不受社会距离的调节;（3）替他人决策时女性的接受阈限显著低于男性,而自我决策及替朋友决策时接受阈限不存在性别差异。     

Is caregiving hazardous to one's physical health? A meta-analysis

Caring for a family member with dementia is generally regarded as a chronically stressful process, with potentially negative physical health consequences. However, no quantitative analysis has been conducted on this literature. The authors combined the results of 23 studies to compare the physical health of caregivers with demographically similar noncaregivers. When examined across 11 health categories, caregivers exhibited a slightly greater risk for health problems than did noncaregivers. However, sex and the health category assessed moderated this relationship. Stronger relationships occurred with stress hormones, antibodies, and global reported health. The authors argue that a theoretical model is needed that relates caregiver stressors to illness and proffers moderating roles for vulnerabilities and resources and mediating roles for psychosocial distress and health behaviors.     

团队-成员交换的结构维度及其与组织承诺和工作倦怠感的关系

在文献研究、访谈和结构化问卷的基础上,按照心理学测量方法和原则,编制团队-成员交换问卷,并测量了团队-成员交换对组织承诺和工作倦怠感的影响作用,得到团队-成员交换是由互惠互利、尊重认同、共情默契、信息共享等四因素构成.互惠互利、尊重认同和共情默契对组织承诺具有显著的正向影响作用,对工作倦怠感具有显著的负向影响作用;信息共享对组织承诺及工作倦怠感无显著的影响作用.此结论为建设有效的团队提供了理论依据.     

Infant word segmentation and childhood vocabulary development: a longitudinal analysis

Infants begin to segment novel words from speech by 7.5 months, demonstrating an ability to track, encode and retrieve words in the context of larger units. Although it is presumed that word recognition at this stage is a prerequisite to constructing a vocabulary, the continuity between these stages of development has not yet been empirically demonstrated. The goal of the present study is to investigate whether infant word segmentation skills are indeed related to later lexical development. Two word segmentation tasks, varying in complexity, were administered in infancy and related to childhood outcome measures. Outcome measures consisted of age‐normed productive vocabulary percentiles and a measure of cognitive development. Results demonstrated a strong degree of association between infant word segmentation abilities at 7 months and productive vocabulary size at 24 months. In addition, outcome groups, as defined by median vocabulary size and growth trajectories at 24 months, showed distinct word segmentation abilities as infants. These findings provide the first prospective evidence supporting the predictive validity of infant word segmentation tasks and suggest that they are indeed associated with mature word knowledge. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxzLi5oLZQ8 .     

Confucian dynamism work values and team performance: A multiple‐level analysis

In this study we clarified the multiple‐level effects of Confucian‐related work values, including self‐discipline and interpersonal ethics, on the performance of individuals and the team. Empirical data of 70 work teams with 472 team members from Taiwanese enterprises were collected to test our hypotheses. Results showed that, at the group level, shared team values of interpersonal ethics were positively related to team performance through the partial mediation of team cooperation. For cross‐level effect, shared team values of interpersonal ethics and individual member's self‐discipline values were both positively related to individual performance. The implications of Confucian dynamism work values on contemporary organizational management and indigenous Chinese team theories were provided.     

亲环境行为影响因素的系统整合模型及启示

近10年来,对亲环境行为前因变量的研究逐渐从行为主体的个体内部因素转向行为相关的社会外部因素。本文对影响亲环境行为的个体、群体以及社会层面的相关变量之间的影响机制进行了系统的梳理,在此基础上提出包含微观(个体内部因素)、中观及宏观(外部情境因素)不同层次的前因变量,并对亲环境意愿与行为加以区分的系统整合模型。根据该模型的理论框架,指出未来对亲环境行为研究的具体方向及对我国环保工作的启示。     

逆境中何以建言?成就目标视角下员工建言韧性的形成机制与作用效果

在动态复杂的商业环境中, 员工建言对于组织发展具有重要的意义。以往的建言研究普遍认为, 当环境不支持建言时员工会减少建言行为。然而, 并非所有员工都会在逆境中放弃建言, 有的员工甚至会在逆境中表现出更多的建言行为。为了回答员工何以在逆境中持续建言这一基本问题, 探索员工在逆境中持续建言的形成机制和作用效果, 本文将首先探讨建言韧性的概念内涵, 并开发建言韧性的测量工具。然后, 以成就目标理论为基础, 对三种目标定向促进或者抑制员工建言韧性的路径和条件做出分析。最后, 探讨建言韧性对员工后续建言行为和领导者建言采纳的影响。本文回应并拓展了建言研究的前沿问题, 也为组织了解和培养员工的建言韧性提供实践启示。