少数民族已婚妇女性生活现状调查研究

已婚少数民族妇女的性生活和谐程度和夫妻交流性感受程度较高.民族、年龄、职业、家庭年收入、小孩数目、因避孕不适的治疗、身体健康状况、参加生殖健康培训以及与配偶讨论性是少数民族已婚妇女性生活是否和谐的影响因素.少数民族地区的生殖健康干预措施要结合各民族文化习俗,才能保证其有效实施.     

人格测量：从累积式模型到展开式模型

当前大多数人格测量都采用的是累积式反应模型方法,该模型假设被试在测验上的得分随其能力或特质提高而增加,但是随着人格测量技术的不断发展,这一模型的实施效果遭到了质疑,研究者们开始关注展开式模型,该模型认为被试的反应取决于被试能力和项目阈值的匹配程度,当被试能力与项目阈值完全匹配时,被试做出肯定回答的概率达到最高点,称之为“理想点”,展开式模型的目的就是找到被试的理想点,从而寻找其真正的态度强度或人格特质水平。GGUM作为一种比较成熟的展开式模型,已经开始应用于人格测量的各个领域,但仍需要进行大规模的试测,在评估和预测效度方面积累经验,建立业界认可的心理测量学标准,不断探讨和开发相应的心理测量理论和简便易行的统计程序。     

声旁家族大小和高频同声旁字对汉字命名的影响

该研究探讨了声旁家族大小和高频同声旁字对汉字命名的影响。结果表明：1）声旁家族大起抑制作用,在不一致字上更明显;2）相对于高频同音邻近字,高频异音邻近字对低频字起抑制作用;3）汉字命名中字形相近字的作用点有两个,分别在字形表征水平和语音表征水平。     

天命观对中国人格心理的构建与影响

中国文化传统强调天与命对人的控制,天命是人格神对人的主宰。这种思想深远的影响着中国人对人格的建构,形成了中国人典型的人格特征,并影响和渗透到现代人生活的各个方面,影响着现代社会中人对人与人、人与社会、人与自然关系的建构。     

Working memory task decreases the survival of newly born neurons in hippocampus

Throughout life new neurons are generated in dentate gyrus of hippocampus. Previous studies have found that spatial tasks can rescue newly born neurons from death. However, it is still unknown whether new neurons are similarly affected by all types of hippocampal-dependent tasks. Here we investigated the possible effects of working memory task (WMT) on immature neurons. Mice were trained in reference memory task and WMT respectively. The reference memory task used the classical hidden platform (HP) water maze task, while WMT used a delayed matching-to-place (DMTP) water maze task. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administrated during the early or late phase of training, or 1week prior to training, in order to label dividing proliferating cells. After water maze training, the number of BrdU-labeled cells in dentate gyrus of hippocampus was compared. In addition, hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Notch 1 receptor were characterized using Western blot. Serum corticosterone levels were also measured using enzyme immunoassay. Results showed that HP task and DMTP task did not change the number of BrdU-labeled cells produced during the early or late phase of training. As expected, the HP task increased the number of BrdU-labeled cells produced 1 week prior to training. However, DMTP task decreased the number of BrdU-labeled cells produced 1 week prior to training. Both tasks lead to a significant increase in serum corticosterone levels and did not change the expression of BDNF and Notch 1 receptor in hippocampus. Taken together, these results demonstrate that WMT has different effects on survival of immature neurons, and therefore suggests immature neurons may have more than one role depending on the demands of the tasks.     

采用词表法变式研究指向遗忘现象

在组内设计的词表法变式任务中,词表一的项目按语义或知觉特征分为遗忘项和记住项,中间指导语要求被试遗忘词表一某类项目的同时记住另一类项目,指向遗忘效应以词表一记住项与遗忘项的差异来反映。实验一中,词表一项目按语义性质分为记住项和遗忘项,结果显示:与控制组比较,标准词表法实验组词表一记忆受损显著,出现传统意义上的指向遗忘效应;变式实验组词表一记忆部分受损,与控制组差异接近.05显著水平;标准词表法实验组以及变式实验组词表二都没有表现出记忆获益;另外,变式实验组词表一记住项与遗忘项之间差异显著,反映出遗忘指导语效应。实验二发现:在变式任务中,指定被试遗忘词表一某种语义性质的项目,结果出现遗忘指导语效应;但是,在指定被试遗忘某种颜色项目时,结果没有出现遗忘指导语效应。变式任务结果比较好地支持提取抑制理论;同时也反映出,词表一记住项与遗忘项之间的区分度是影响变式情境下指向遗忘效应的重要因素。     

1980-2009年国内眼动研究的文献计量分析

对收录在中国期刊网和中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库中的370篇眼动研究文献(1980—2009年)进行计量学分析,结果表明:(1)国内眼动研究从2003年起呈现快速增长趋势;(2)以阅读方面的实证研究为主,主要以大学生为研究对象,以中文阅读材料和图片为研究材料,以Eyelink-Ⅱ和ASL-504眼动仪为研究工具,重点关注眼动指标和阅读指标;(3)天津师范大学是国内眼动研究的重要力量;(4)成果发表以心理学期刊为主,其中《心理科学》发表最多;(5)合作研究已成为眼动研究的主要形式,但核心作者群尚未形成;(6)大多数眼动研究受到各类项目资助。     

How linguistic and cultural forces shape conceptions of time: English and Mandarin time in 3D

In this paper we examine how English and Mandarin speakers think about time, and we test how the patterns of thinking in the two groups relate to patterns in linguistic and cultural experience. In Mandarin, vertical spatial metaphors are used more frequently to talk about time than they are in English; English relies primarily on horizontal terms. We present results from two tasks comparing English and Mandarin speakers' temporal reasoning. The tasks measure how people spatialize time in three-dimensional space, including the sagittal (front/back), transverse (left/right), and vertical (up/down) axes. Results of Experiment 1 show that people automatically create spatial representations in the course of temporal reasoning, and these implicit spatializations differ in accordance with patterns in language, even in a non-linguistic task. Both groups showed evidence of a left-to-right representation of time, in accordance with writing direction, but only Mandarin speakers showed a vertical top-to-bottom pattern for time (congruent with vertical spatiotemporal metaphors in Mandarin). Results of Experiment 2 confirm and extend these findings, showing that bilinguals' representations of time depend on both long-term and proximal aspects of language experience. Participants who were more proficient in Mandarin were more likely to arrange time vertically (an effect of previous language experience). Further, bilinguals were more likely to arrange time vertically when they were tested in Mandarin than when they were tested in English (an effect of immediate linguistic context).     

论德性的项目及其类型

在人类长期的道德实践中,德性常常是以德性项目的形式出现的。当德性进入伦理学的视野以后,伦理学家们基于对德性的本性及其项目的反思,提出一些德性项目并进一步对德性进行分类,将不同的德性项目纳入不同的类型。从伦理学的意义上看,德性的项目与德性的分类是紧密相联的。     

图式心理疗法述评

图式疗法也称图式聚焦疗法,是在整合了认知疗法、行为疗法、客体关系、格式塔理论的有利元素基础上,而形成的一个统一性、系统性、创新性的心理疗法.图式疗法包括两个主要的阶段,一是评定阶段,这一阶段主要用来识别、评定来访者的图式;二是改变阶段,在这一阶段来访者由消极、适应不良的思维和行为习惯转变为积极、健康的认知和行动.图式疗法对治疗人格障碍、慢性抑郁症等长期的心理问题有很好的效果.