应对新冠肺炎疫情心理援助“热”战后的“冷”思考

2020年新春伊始发生的新型冠病毒肺炎疫情全面冲击了公众的生活，疫情防控中心理疏导工作始终处于重要位置。在教育部应对疫情工作领导小组办公室的领导下，“教育部华中师范大学心理援助平台”汇聚了来自全国的心理专业力量，面向社会提供免费心理援助服务。在教育部思政司、教育部心理学类专业教学指导委员会、全国应用心理专业硕士研究生教育指导委员会、中国心理学会相关机构的支持下，来自全国1200多所高校和相关机构的4000多名专业人员踊跃报名，以热情投入平台心理援助工作。青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室（华中师范大学）搭建了满足心理援助需求的智能化云平台，具备分布式、多通道、大容量功能特点，支持热线电话、文本、语音三种接入方式，支持高频并发访问。平台每天24小时开放，服务于全国一线医护人员、病患和家属、安保人员、学生群体等重点人群和普通公众，以及海外留学生和华人华。平台工作化解了大量求助者的情绪问题和心理危机，向国内公众和海外游子传递了来自祖国的关切和支持，发挥了良好的心理支持和社会引导作用，服务满意率达到92%。平台以快速高效、专业规范的工作成为“心理战疫”的中坚阵地，向众多求助者传递了爱心和力量，受到媒体和公众的高度关注与肯定。平台成立了专家工作组和专家委员会，以专业管理支撑服务。为提升服务能力，做出更大贡献，平台于2020年4月12日召开（线上）专家委员会工作会议，对心理援助平台和相关学科发展给予专业指导，研讨心理援助的战略规划、机制建设、人才培养等问题，对心理学科如何更好地服务于国家和社会需要提出咨询建议。本文是作者在专家委员会工作会议上的讲话整理稿。对面向国家和社会需求的心理学学科发展和人才培养具有全面的指导和启发意义。     

Vocational Personality Types in College Engineering Students in Relation to Academic Achievement

This study explored whether and to what extent vocational personality types based on Holland (1994) correlate with and explain unique variance of academic success among 117 undergraduate civil engineering students by using the Self-Directed Search–Form R, 4th Edition. Findings indicated that the majority of participants’ 1st-letter code was Realistic (39.3%), 2nd-letter code was Investigative (24.8%), and 3rd-letter code was Social (21.4%), compared with Holland's 3-letter codes for civil engineering (Investigative, Realistic, Enterprising). The study also calculated the degree of congruence between personality type and occupational environment. For career counselors, the findings underscore the importance of using congruence scores to predict engineering students’ academic performance.     

大陆农村基督教面临的困境以及列文森的洞见--读《儒教中国及其现代命运》之《儒教、基督教与中国的选择》有感

本文结合列文森在《儒教中国及其现代中国命运》对中国基督教尴尬处境的洞见，以对河南省南阳市一村庄基督教的调查为例，指出当前大陆农村基督教之所以面临一直进入不了社会主流的困境，并不是其与中国传统相违背，而是因为基督教不是科学而被其他村民蔑视和不理。     

The Moderating Effect of Core Self‐Evaluations on the Relationships between Job Attitudes and Organisational Citizenship Behavior

Several studies in the organisational citizenship behavior (OCB) literature have focused on the main effects of employee dispositions and job attitudes. The current study builds upon previous findings by examining whether core self‐evaluations (CSE) moderate the relationship between job attitudes and OCBs. Consistent with our hypotheses and with the notion that CSE contributes to one's general level of initiative and self‐confidence, data collected from 200 New Zealand workers found that the job attitude–OCB relationship was stronger for workers who were high in CSE than for workers who were low in CSE.     

态度及其与行为模式述评

态度一直是社会心理学的核心问题,态度对于预测行为具有重要作用。本文阐述了态度的界定、态度的结构模型及态度预测行为模型的各种理论,在这些理论的基础上,提出了态度预测行为的另一模型。     

The development of spontaneous trait inferences about the actor and spontaneous trait transferences about the informant: Evidence from children aged 8–13 years

In social‐cognitive research, little attention has been paid to the developmental course of spontaneous trait inferences about the actor (STIs about the actor) and spontaneous trait transferences about the informant (STTs about the informant). Using a false recognition paradigm, Study 1 investigated the developmental course of STIs and Study 2 investigated the developmental course of STTs, comparing 8‐, 9‐, 10‐, 11‐, 12‐ and 13‐year olds. The results of Study 1 showed that 8‐year olds could make STIs about the actor, and the magnitude of STIs increased from ages 8 to 10 years, stabilised at the age of 10, 11, 12 years, and decreased from ages 12 through 13 years. The results of Study 2 showed that 8‐year olds could make STTs about the informant, and the magnitude of STTs did not vary with age. In all age groups, the magnitude of STIs about the actor was greater than that of STTs about the informant.     

The Influence of Openness to Experience on Perceived Employee Creativity: The Moderating Roles of Individual Trust

In this paper, we explain the influence of co‐worker trust on the effect of employees' openness to experience on their perceptions of their own creativity. We surveyed 199 working professionals in Ireland and found that openness to experience was positively associated with both employees' perceptions of their radical creativity and incremental creativity. In addition, the relationship between openness to experience and incremental creativity was negatively moderated by cognition‐based trust in his or her co‐worker. In conclusion, we discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings and highlight directions for future research.     

Language Delay and Externalizing Problems in Preschool Age: A Prospective Cohort Study

This study sought to examine the direction of causation between language delay and two externalizing problems; inattention and aggression. Autoregressive fixed effects models were fitted to data from 25,474 children (age 1.5 to 5 years; 50.8% boys) in the population-based longitudinal Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), to model the direction of causality for language delay and inattention and aggression, respectively. The most parsimonious model for the relationship between language delay and inattention was one where both common factors and reciprocal causation were estimated. Adjusted for common factors, language delay was estimated to have a non-significant effect on inattention by b?=?0.12 (p?=?0.06), and inattention to have a significant effect on language delay by b?=?0.19 (p?=?0.03). The most parsimonious model for the direction of causality for language delay and aggression was one where the entire association could be explained by language delay having effect on aggression b?=?0.12 (p?<?0.02). It appears that while language delay can best be conceptualized as an epiphenomenon of inattention partly related to both common factors and causal processes, aggression can best be conceptualized as caused by language delay. This illumination of the hypothetical causal links between two common problem domains in preschool-aged children has clear implications on where to implement interventions to prevent co-occurrence of language delay and externalizing problems.     

Why distractors with need-supportive content can mitigate ironic effects of thought suppression

Thought suppression is a self-regulatory strategy commonly used to avoid unwanted thoughts although it can ironically make unwanted thoughts more intrusive and accessible. To reduce these ironic effects, it is important to explore mechanisms underlying effective suppression. The present study recruited 126 undergraduate students and examined the influence of distractor content on suppression outcomes by examining perceived satisfaction and immersion of distractors as mechanisms of effective suppression. Based on self-determination theory, we proposed that distractors associated with the satisfaction of the psychological need for autonomy would mitigate ironic effects of thought suppression because they would be perceived as satisfying and immersive. Results showed that need-supportive distractors reduced intrusion frequency because they were indeed perceived as more satisfying. Our findings also point towards the unique satisfying properties of distractors involving psychological need satisfaction because effects of single, pleasant and personally relevant distractors have been controlled for. Findings are discussed using Wegner’s (Psychological Review 101:34–52, 1994) theories of thought suppression and principles of self-determination theory.     

Psychological and neurological predictors of abusive supervision

Although the negative effects of abusive supervision are well documented, less is known about the individual differences that drive supervisors to be abusive. We use a self‐control perspective to understand the unique roles of both psychological and neurological characteristics of supervisors in the prediction of abusive behavior. Specifically, we find a positive relationship between narcissism and abusive supervision, whereas political skill and intrinsic neurological connectivity in executive control regions of the brain negatively relate to abusive supervision. Our results further show that the relationship between narcissism and abusive supervision diminishes for those who are strong in terms of political skill. In addition, neurological executive control moderates the relationship between political skill and abusive behavior. When connectivity in executive control regions of the brain is lower, political skill becomes a more important factor in reducing the display of abusive behavior. Overall, we demonstrate how combinations of characteristics (both psychological and neurological) can provide a more in‐depth understanding of the emergence of abusive supervision.