模糊规避的形成机制：基于可评价性假设的视角

模糊规避是指在相同奖赏的情况下,决策者会力图规避从主观上判断具有模糊概率的事件而偏好具有相同精确概率的事件。本研究使用同时评价、单独评价的研究范式从随机事件和自然事件两个领域来探讨模糊规避的形成机制。研究结果表明,当风险事件和模糊事件同时评价时,个体倾向于模糊规避;当风险事件和模糊事件单独评价时,模糊规避会消失。     

语言和音乐层级结构的加工

语言和音乐在呈现过程中, 小单元相互结合组成更大的单元, 最终形成层级结构。已有研究表明, 听者能够将连续的语流和音乐切分成层级结构, 并在大脑中形成层级表征。在感知基础之上, 听者还能将新出现的语言和音乐事件整合到层级结构之中, 形成连贯理解, 最终顺利地完成交流过程。未来研究应剖析边界线索在层级结构感知中的作用, 考察不同层级整合过程的影响因素, 进一步探索语言和音乐层级结构加工的关系。     

Gibbs Samplers for Logistic Item Response Models via the Pólya–Gamma Distribution: A Computationally Efficient Data-Augmentation Strategy

Psychometrika - Fully Bayesian estimation of item response theory models with logistic link functions suffers from low computational efficiency due to posterior density functions that do not have...     

大学生情绪复杂性对情绪信息注意偏向的影响

为考察大学生情绪复杂性对情绪信息注意偏向的影响,通过情绪体验范围和区分性量表(RDEES)筛选出高低情绪复杂性被试各30名,采用2(情绪复杂性:高、低)×3(效价:正性、中性和负性)×4(呈现条件:0/300/600/900ms)的三因素混合设计要求被试完成视觉搜索任务。结果显示:(1)高、低情绪复杂性组在情绪条件(正性、负性)下的正确率显著低于中性图片、反应时显著高于中性图片,均表现出对情绪图片的注意偏向;(2)高分组在正性图片0ms呈现的条件下的正确率显著高于低分组,在负性图片300ms和900ms呈现和正性图片900ms呈现条件下的反应时显著低于低分组。     

理解"后现代"语境中的政治哲学——"现代政治哲学理念解读"之三

后现代政治哲学早已不是什么新话题,但国人对它的理解至今还主要停留在后现代主义一般性理论的层面上,政治哲学领域的独特性往往被忽视或淹没.事实上,无论从与传统政治哲学在研究起点、内容、方法、旨趣等方面的不同所规约出的理论视阈,还是从理性反思、合法性论证及日常生活强调等研究路径所反映出的理论取向,都鲜明地彰显着后现代政治哲学的独特魅力和启示.     

清乾嘉之际白莲教“襄阳教团”的地理分布与空间结构

本文对乾嘉之际白莲教起义的历史地理背景、白莲教"襄阳教团"之地理分布与空间结构进行分析,认为"襄阳教团"的地理分布分为襄阳城与樊城附近,以三合镇、双沟为中心的襄北平原及以黄龙垱为中心的襄东南低山丘陵区三大块地域.白莲教"襄阳教团"的空间结构可分为直接影响区域、间接影响区域及联系交流区域三个层次.直接影响区域的空间结构又可分为最高中心地、二级中心地及三级中心地三个层面.在白莲教的传播与空间扩散中,经济-贸易流动体系、短距离的移动及长距离的移民发挥着重要作用,可知"襄阳教团"中的经济-贸易体系与行政区划既有重合之处,也有不尽相符之处.     

Processing of invisible stimuli: advantage of upright faces and recognizable words in overcoming interocular suppression

Familiar and recognizable stimuli enjoy an advantage of predominance during binocular rivalry, and this advantage is usually attributed to their enhanced processing during the dominant phase. However, do familiar and recognizable stimuli have an advantage in breaking suppression? Test images were gradually introduced to one eye to compete against a standard high-contrast dynamic noise pattern presented to the other eye. Results showed that an upright face took less time than an upside-down face to gain dominance against the identical suppression noise. Results also showed that for Chinese readers, Chinese characters were faster to gain dominance than Hebrew words, whereas for Hebrew readers, the reverse was true. These results suggest that familiar and recognizable information, even when suppressed and invisible, is processed differently from unfamiliar information. Apparently, high-level information about visual form does contribute to the strength of a stimulus during its suppressed phase.     

国民政府审级制度析论

审级制度的设计,必须有效平衡诉讼效率与诉讼公正的关系.国民政府实行三级三审制度,虽然改变了民国以来审级制度上的混乱状况,但由于在最高法院的规模控制、不同审级之间的职能分工方面缺少相应的技术规范,审级结构内部又缺乏有效的制约机制,以致法官的敷衍和当事人的滥讼均无有效的制度约束,形成上诉率居高不下,案件拖延积压严重的状况,既丧失了诉讼效率,也没有真正实现诉讼的公正.     

Chinese kindergartners’ automatic processing of numerical magnitude in Stroop-like tasks

Using Stroop-like tasks, this study examined whether Chinese kindergartners showed automatic processing of numerical magnitude. A total of 36 children (mean age 5 5 years 10 months) were asked to perform physical size comparison (i.e., “Which of two numbers is bigger in physical size?”) and numerical magnitude tasks (i.e., “Which of two numbers is bigger in numerical magnitude?”) on 216 number pairs. These number pairs varied in levels of congruence between numerical magnitude and physical size (for Stroop effect) and numerical distance (for distance effect). On the basis of analyses of response time and error rates, we found that Chinese kindergartners showed automatic processing of numerical magnitude. These results are significantly different from previous studies’ findings about the onset age (ranging from around the end of first grade to third grade) for automatic processing of numerical magnitude.     

心房颤动:消融术式和机制研究的博弈

房颤机制的经典学说有多发子波假说、主导折返环伴颤动样传导理论、局灶激动学说等.消融治疗房颤先后经历了仿迷宫术、肺静脉内消融、环肺静脉消融、复杂碎裂电位消融等多种术式.机制研究对消融术式的改进有一定的指导意义;消融术式的创新则验证和/或否定了某些机制的成果.二者的博弈极大地推进了房颤的研究进展.