化学致癌机制的系统科学方法思考

本文用系统科学方法分析了化学物致癌机制，化学致癌是一个长期的，多基因，多阶段，多病因过程已被公认，研究者们认为化学致癌系统由基因和非基因因素构成，在此系统中存在若干系统属性，如整体性，综合性，动态性等，医学研究者要在癌症病因，治疗和预防中取得的半功倍成效，就应该科学地运用致癌系统中的这些系统属性。     

贫困,国家与托克维尔悖论:《济贫法报告》中的社会政策思想

本文拟从社会政策学角度考察著名的托克维尔悖论,探讨托克维尔有关英国即将爆发革命的预测失败之原因。通过解读《济贫法报告》等著作,本文发现托克维尔考察英国济贫制度时,在实地调查、文献梳理、文档收集等方面有许多不足之处,他全面接受了当时功利主义的观点,误解了英国社会权利的来源和影响。此外,他受到国家理论的局限,过于重视中央集权的官僚体制、遗漏地方社区政府的重要角色,从而忽视了地方自治政府在横向和纵向上在提供社会福利时的高效率和巨大作用。     

大学生主观幸福感的测量研究

本文主要论述了大学生主观幸福感的测量研究的现状及其测量研究的内容,并讨论了大学生主观幸福感的测量研究的发展趋向,旨在为以后的研究提供参考。     

Self‐Construal Scales Lack Validity

Self‐construal is thought to mediate and explain the effects of culture on a wide variety of outcome variables. A meta‐analysis of published cross‐cultural self‐construal research is reported in this article, and the results across studies suggests that the evidence for the predicted cultural differences is weak, inconsistent, or nonexistent. The results of 3 priming experiments (N = 121, N = 99, and N = 361) suggest that (a) priming does not account for the inconsistent results observed in the meta‐analysis, (b) that scores on a self‐construal scale appear to be measuring trait‐like constructs that are not sensitive to priming, and (c) that measures of self‐construals lack convergent validity. The results of several measurement studies (N = 121, 223, 230, 323, 214, 206, 126, 204, 148, 141, and 150) were inconsistent with the a priori two‐factor measurement model in every case. Self‐construal scales were found to be radically multidimensional and highly unstable within and across cultures. These results lead us to conclude that catastrophic validity problems exist in research involving the use of self‐construal scales in cross‐cultural research.     

中国禅宗"山笠"对日本神道"山笠祭"的影响——日本博多祗园山笠祭起源新解

日本博多栉田神社的祗园山笠祭是日本国三大祗园祭之一.在日本,"山笠"一词的使用始于博多祗园山笠祭.在中国,"山笠"一词意为禅师的法器"笠".本文通过对博多祗园山笠祭起源说的考证,指出中国禅宗"山笠"对日本神道"山笠祭"的影响,阐明日本神道"山笠"源于中国禅宗"山笠",是由留学南宋"禅院五山"之首径山寺的日本禅师圆尔辩圆(圣一国师)借用到博多祗园山笠祭中.