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591.
Survey data often contain many variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is commonly used in analyzing such data. With typical nonnormally distributed data in practice, a rescaled statistic Trml proposed by Satorra and Bentler was recommended in the literature of SEM. However, Trml has been shown to be problematic when the sample size N is small and/or the number of variables p is large. There does not exist a reliable test statistic for SEM with small N or large p, especially with nonnormally distributed data. Following the principle of Bartlett correction, this article develops empirical corrections to Trml so that the mean of the empirically corrected statistics approximately equals the degrees of freedom of the nominal chi-square distribution. Results show that empirically corrected statistics control type I errors reasonably well even when N is smaller than 2p, where Trml may reject the correct model 100% even for normally distributed data. The application of the empirically corrected statistics is illustrated via a real data example. 相似文献
592.
Emily L. Twedell Wilma Koutstaal Yuhong V. Jiang 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2017,24(4):1135-1141
Visual clutter imposes significant challenges to older adults in everyday tasks and often calls on selective processing of relevant information. Previous research has shown that both visual search habits and task goals influence older adults’ allocation of spatial attention, but has not examined the relative impact of these two sources of attention when they compete. To examine how aging affects the balance between goal-driven and habitual attention, and to inform our understanding of different attentional subsystems, we tested young and older adults in an adapted visual search task involving a display laid flat on a desk. To induce habitual attention, unbeknownst to participants, the target was more often placed in one quadrant than in the others. All participants rapidly acquired habitual attention toward the high-probability quadrant. We then informed participants where the high-probability quadrant was and instructed them to search that screen location first—but pitted their habit-based, viewer-centered search against this instruction by requiring participants to change their physical position relative to the desk. Both groups prioritized search in the instructed location, but this effect was stronger in young adults than in older adults. In contrast, age did not influence viewer-centered search habits: the two groups showed similar attentional preference for the visual field where the target was most often found before. Aging disrupted goal-guided but not habitual attention. Product, work, and home design for people of all ages––but especially for older individuals––should take into account the strong viewer-centered nature of habitual attention. 相似文献
593.
心理韧性、孤独感、自我效能感都会影响老年人的主观幸福感,但三者影响程度的相对大小尚不清楚。为考察其影响力的大小,本研究采用了优势分析的方法。选取心理韧性量表、UCLA孤独量表、一般自我效能感量表分别测量老年人的心理韧性、孤独感、自我效能感,主观幸福感量表、费城老年中心信心量表测量老年人主观幸福感。优势分析结果表明,孤独感对老年人主观幸福感的预测力大于心理韧性与自我效能感;心理韧性的预测力大于自我效能感。本研究提示减少孤独感是提升老年人主观幸福感的重要途径,而老年人的心理韧性和自我效能感对提升老年人主观幸福感有一定的作用。 相似文献
594.
Li Z. Sha Roger W. Remington Yuhong V. Jiang 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2017,79(5):1311-1322
It has long been known that frequently occurring targets are attended better than infrequent ones in visual search. But does this frequency-based attentional prioritization reflect momentary or durable changes in attention? Here we observed both short-term and long-term attentional biases for visual features as a function of different types of statistical associations between the targets, distractors, and features. Participants searched for a target, a line oriented horizontally or vertically among diagonal distractors, and reported its length. In one set of experiments we manipulated the target’s color probability: Targets were more often in Color 1 than in Color 2. The distractors were in other colors. Participants found Color 1 targets more quickly than Color 2 targets, but this preference disappeared immediately when the target’s color became random in the subsequent testing phase. In the other set of experiments, we manipulated the diagnostic values of the two colors: Color 1 was more often a target than a distractor; Color 2 was more often a distractor than a target. Participants found Color 1 targets more quickly than Color 2 targets. Importantly, and in contrast to the first set of experiments, the featural preference was sustained in the testing phase. These results suggest that short-term and long-term attentional biases are products of different statistical information. Finding a target momentarily activates its features, inducing short-term repetition priming. Long-term changes in attention, on the other hand, may rely on learning diagnostic features of the targets. 相似文献
595.
以大学心理咨询中心的当事人为样本,对国外两种广泛使用的工作同盟测量工具WAI-S和WAI-SR的结构和测量学指标进行检验。结果发现,WAI-S和WAI-SR的任务一致与目标一致两个维度的相关较高,分别为0.71和0.74;WAI-S和WAI-SR的一因素、二因素和三因素结构均没有得到充分支持;WAI-SR与咨询效果的相关不显著。WAI-S和WAI-SR的结构不能很好反映其所依据的理论假设,提示在对测量工具进行改进的同时,还需要对工作同盟的理论结构进行思考。 相似文献
596.
597.
本研究探讨了不同案件类型、不同性别及给予不同的事件后信息对目击证言的影响,征集了男女大学生被试101名,进行了实验研究,研究结果如下:(1)以主体信息的记忆成绩为因变量,性别、案件类型和事件后信息为白变量,得出案件类型主效应显著,事件后信息的主效应显著,性别主效应以及各因素的交互作用都不显著;(2)以情境信息的记忆成绩为因变量,性别、案件类型和事件后信息为自变量,得出事件后信息主效应显著,案件类型和事件后信息之间交互作用效应显著;(3)不同性别、接受不同案件信息的被试对不同信息记忆的确信程度有所不同. 相似文献
598.
本研究对目前国外广泛使用的"父母教养方式问卷"(Parental Bonding Instrument,PBI)进行了中文版修订.708名大学生完成了测试.其中136人在两周后进行了重测,并用EMBu作为检验效度的指标之一.采用相关分析、验证性因素分析等方法考察问卷的信、效度.结果表明问卷的四因素结构模型优于二因素和三因素结构模型,各项拟合指标均在0.90以上;问卷的内部一致性信度在0.740-0.851之间.重测信度在0.619-0.765之间.均达到了心理测量学的要求.因此,修订后的中文版PBI具有良好的信效度指标.可以作为评定大学生父母教养方式的测量工具使用. 相似文献
599.
大学生人格评定的和谐追求——200个人格词汇喜好度中美对比研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究选取Anderson1968年研究中的200个核心人格特质词汇,请165名在校大学生对词汇进行喜好度评定.对比Anderson(1968)的研究结果,发现:1)中西方被试均将真诚评定为最受欢迎的个性品质;2)中国被试作答较少出现极端值;3)中国被试评出的前10位积极品质均与人际和谐有关;而西方被试评出的前10位积极品质主要涉及诚信和个人能力两方面;4)中西方被试评出的前10位消极词汇均为他相关词汇,并和积极词汇相对应. 相似文献
600.