Brief report: Publications from mainland China,Hong Kong,and Taiwan in behavioral journals 1980–2021

Research involving international research communities has been advocated in the field of behavior analysis (Dymond et al., 2000; Martin et al., 2016). The purpose of the present study was to report the status of behavioral research in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, in terms of number of publications, types of research, and frequency of collaboration with international researchers. Fifteen behavioral journals were selected from the list by Cooper et al. (2020). These were searched by hand to find publications conducted in or authored by researchers from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan dating from each journal's inception to December 2021. The earliest publication we found appeared in 1980 in The Psychological Record. Over the following four decades (1980–1989; 1990–1999; 2000–2009; 2010–2021), the number of publications per decade increased dramatically and continues in recent years to rise. Publications include research reports, review papers, and conceptual articles, with the majority being basic research reports published in Behavioral Processes. Approximately half the publications involve collaboration with international researchers, mostly in North America. Implications for behavioral research, practice, and policy in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan are discussed.     

阈下抑郁个体对负性情绪刺激的注意解脱困难

本研究拟采用点探测范式及不同情绪内容的面孔刺激（高兴、中性、悲伤和愤怒）考察阈下抑郁个体的负性注意偏向及其内在机制。点探测任务中情绪面孔配对呈现（负性-中性、正性-中性）,配对面孔中的情绪线索位置与靶刺激的位置构成负性一致/不一致和正性一致/不一致条件,同时实验中加入“中性-中性”面孔线索作为一致和不一致条件的对比基线来考察注意偏向的内在机制。结果发现,阈下抑郁个体在负性不一致条件下的反应时显著长于负性一致条件,表明阈下抑郁个体具有对负性刺激的注意偏向;进一步比较发现,阈下抑郁个体在负性不一致条件下的反应时显著的长于“中性-中性”基线条件,而负性一致条件与基线之间差异不显著,表明阈下抑郁个体的负性注意偏向为对负性刺激的注意解脱困难。结果另发现,阈下抑郁个体未能像无抑郁对照组个体表现出对正性刺激的注意偏向。结果表明,处于阈下抑郁状态的个体表现出对负性刺激的注意偏向,具体为对负性刺激的注意解脱困难,其原因可能是由于阈下抑郁个体在注意控制和情绪调节功能上的紊乱。     

计算机时代的书写心理学

计算机的普及使人们阅读及书写的能力降低, 这引发了社会对书写的关注。书写涉及大量高级神经活动, 与认知、人格、疾病等均有关联, 对个体发展也具有重要作用。现代书写心理学通过使用书写板等设备, 实现了对书写过程及结果的量化研究, 发现了书写速度、压力、握笔等指标与智力、认知负荷等的一些关联。未来对书写过程的研究可以进一步深入; 测量方面的研究成果可以应用到日常人机交互及教学、司法等实践中; 还可以研究用书写促进个体认知及人格发展的具体途径。     

面孔审美加工的神经机制及个体差异

外显和内隐的面孔审美加工的脑成像研究表明,美的面孔比不美的面孔导致眶额皮层、伏隔核、杏仁核等奖赏脑区更大的激活。脑电研究则发现了与面孔审美加工有关的早期负波和晚期正成分。面孔审美加工有关的脑区活动也受到性别、生理周期等个体因素的调节。未来的研究需要比较美的面孔与其它奖赏刺激加工的神经机制,探讨面孔审美加工的不同阶段及时间进程,在面孔知觉的框架下形成合理的面孔审美加工的神经模型。     

音乐诱发情绪测量及其影响因素*

使用音乐诱发情绪是有效且特殊的诱发方式。本文对音乐诱发情绪的自我报告测量、心理生理测量和功能神经成像测量进行了系统的梳理,并阐述了一种基于音乐特定模型的情绪测量方法。文章从音乐刺激的选择、听者特征以及情境特征三方面对影响音乐情绪测量的因素进行了总结。并为保证测量的准确性进一步提出确定理论模型一致性、结合多元方法、利用有效刺激材料、认真考评情境和参与者特征等解决思路,并阐明了此领域的研究趋势。     

比较基因组学研究与应用中的辩证思维

比较基因组学是人类基因组计划的重要组成部分.它利用人类基因组与模式生物基因组之间编码顺序上和组织结构上的同源性,发现和克隆人类基因,揭示基因功能,从而阐明物种的进化关系及基因组的内在结构.比较基因组学的创立、内容及应用都充分体现着辩证思维的哲学观点.     

经学视野下的儒学三形态

文章认为经学的发展历程对儒学的发展影响极大,政治儒学、心性儒学和世俗化儒学三种形态都与经学历史之间存在着紧密的联系,它们都以儒家经典作为自己最高的文本依据,以经典解释学的方式表现自身,经学的转型也意味着儒学发展的新方向,经学的发展史与三种形态儒学的发展之间存在着互动。     

褚伯玉与《太平经》

本文通过对有关<太平经>在南齐流传的一条资料进行考辨,旨在说明<上清道类事相>和<南岳总胜集>关于南朝隐士褚伯玉曾读过<太平经>的记载是不可信的.因此,一些以此为据来说明<太平经>在南齐时流传情况的论著也就是站不住脚的.但是,从文献的蛛丝马迹中,似乎又让人觉得褚伯玉与<太平经>有很多关联.文章以文献梳理为线索,试图展示其中细微之处,为确定<太平经>的成书年代和了解南朝<太平经>流传情况提供一些帮助.     

大学生孤独感结构特点的初步研究

采用自编的大学生孤独感结构问卷,对大学生孤独感结构的特点进行了初步研究,结果表明：大学生孤独感与其自我同一性发展有关系;大学生在孤独感结构问卷的各维度和总分上的得分存在性别、生源、学科门类、学历层次、年级、学校性质等人口学变量上的差异,但差异的表现是复杂多样的;大学生孤独感并不总是消极的,更多的大学生认为适度的孤独感可以为其提供动力,因而也具有积极意义。     

More efficient parameter estimates for factor analysis of ordinal variables by ridge generalized least squares

Data in psychology are often collected using Likert‐type scales, and it has been shown that factor analysis of Likert‐type data is better performed on the polychoric correlation matrix than on the product‐moment covariance matrix, especially when the distributions of the observed variables are skewed. In theory, factor analysis of the polychoric correlation matrix is best conducted using generalized least squares with an asymptotically correct weight matrix (AGLS). However, simulation studies showed that both least squares (LS) and diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS) perform better than AGLS, and thus LS or DWLS is routinely used in practice. In either LS or DWLS, the associations among the polychoric correlation coefficients are completely ignored. To mend such a gap between statistical theory and empirical work, this paper proposes new methods, called ridge GLS, for factor analysis of ordinal data. Monte Carlo results show that, for a wide range of sample sizes, ridge GLS methods yield uniformly more accurate parameter estimates than existing methods (LS, DWLS, AGLS). A real‐data example indicates that estimates by ridge GLS are 9–20% more efficient than those by existing methods. Rescaled and adjusted test statistics as well as sandwich‐type standard errors following the ridge GLS methods also perform reasonably well.