Reexamining the linear and U‐shaped relationships between self‐control and emotional and behavioural problems

Previous studies have demonstrated a linear relationship between self‐control and emotional and behavioural problems. However, some scholars have assumed that both under‐control and over‐control may result in undesired problems, which implies a U‐shaped relationship between them. This issue was reexamined in three Chinese samples in the present study. Self‐report measures that conceptually assessed self‐control and emotional (i.e. depression and negative emotion) and behavioural (i.e. rule‐breaking behaviour, aggression and counterproductive work behaviour) problems were administered to adolescents (N = 885), university students (N = 671) and employees (N = 500). Results of piecewise linear regression show that there were significant quadratic effects of self‐control on emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents and on behavioural problems in employees, but no significant U‐shaped associations between them were found. Implications for future studies are discussed.     

脑成像技术在脑卒中临床应用中的伦理问题探讨

脑成像技术作为神经科学技术的前沿,为临床诊治评价提供新的视角,其带来的伦理问题涉及到生命伦理学、哲学、认知科学、认知心理学、生理学和神经生物学等多学科交叉融合的问题。阐述脑成像技术在脑卒中的临床应用,从医学伦理学角度探讨神经影像学及神经电生理学等脑成像技术在脑卒中患者临床应用中面临的知情同意、隐私信息、临床数据安全等系列伦理学问题及其解决举措,以期为后续研究提供借鉴与参考。     

情绪的社会建构理论

情绪的社会建构理论认为,尽管情绪活动的产生基础于一个或多个行为生物系统之上,但是情绪的功能性意义主要是在社会文化系统中获得的;情绪存在于社会所创设、人们所扮演的角色之中;情绪是社会建构的产物,其本质只有在社会水平上加以分析才能得以完全充分的理解     

孔颖达的易象观与审美意象的建构

孔颖达系隋末唐初经学大师,以主撰《五经正义》播名于史。《五经正义》历来被视为经学、哲学诠释文本,但却涵有不可忽视的美学营养。其中如《周易正义》等文本,就直接包含了丰赡的美学思想材料。如所周知,中国古典美学是以审美意象等范畴为中心的美学,而审美意象的重要基型是     

For Fun,Love, or Money: What Drives Workaholic,Engaged, and Burned‐Out Employees at Work?

Previous research has distinguished between two types of working hard: workaholism, a “bad” type of working hard, and work engagement, a “good” type of working hard. However, the motivations underlying workaholism and work engagement have not been examined extensively. Building on Deci and Ryan's Self‐Determination Theory, the present study examined the motivational correlates of workaholism, work engagement, and burnout (a possible consequence of working hard), using data from Chinese health care professionals (544 nurses and 216 physicians), and controlling for job demands and resources. As expected, structural equation modeling revealed that high levels of workaholism were associated with high levels of introjected regulation and identified regulation; that high levels of work engagement were mainly associated with high levels of intrinsic regulation; and that high levels of burnout were mainly associated with low levels of intrinsic regulation. Thus, different types of motivational regulation are associated with different types of job‐related well‐being.     

The Job Demands–Resources model: An analysis of additive and joint effects of demands and resources

The present study investigated the additive, synergistic, and moderating effects of job demands and job resources on well-being (burnout and work engagement) and organizational outcomes, as specified by the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model. A survey was conducted among two Chinese samples: 625 blue collar workers and 761 health professionals. A series of multi-group structural equation modeling analyses supported the two processes proposed by the JD-R model: (1) the stress process that originates from job demands and leads, via burnout, to negative organizational outcomes (turnover intention and low organization commitment); and (2) the motivational process that originates from job resources and leads, via work engagement, to positive organizational outcomes. In contrast to moderating effects, synergistic effects of job demands and job resources on burnout and work engagement were found in both samples. However, after controlling for additive effects of job demands and job resources, these synergistic effects largely disappeared. In conclusion, the hypothesized additive effects of the JD-R model were found but the evidence for additional synergistic and moderating effects was weak.     

心理特权:概念、测量及相关研究

心理特权是指一种感到有权利获得优待、被豁免社会责任的稳定而普遍的主观信念或知觉,在不同的领域可以表现为学业特权感、消费者特权感、职场特权感等。心理特权能够使个体变得自恋,诱发人际冲突、自私行为和攻击行为等。影响心理特权的因素主要有生活经历、教养方式、依恋类型、社会经济地位、组织环境等情境因素和自我同情、主观建构、平等主义价值观等个体因素。未来研究应深入探究心理特权的概念与结构,拓展其研究方法,强化纵向研究以及本土化研究,并进一步探究影响心理特权的可能因素和避免(或减弱)心理特权消极后果的方法。     

具体情绪与人格特质对决策信息加工过程的影响

研究选取120名大学生,探讨了具体情绪与人格特质对平均决策时间、决策的信息搜索深度和决策的信息搜索模式的影响。结果发现:(1)在平均决策时间上,具体情绪与人格特质主效应显著,并且交互影响决策的信息加工过程。在悲伤情绪下,内控型比外控型人格的个体平均决策时间要长。内控型个体在悲伤情绪比高兴情绪状态下平均决策时间长。(2)在决策信息搜索深度上,具体情绪与人格特质主效应显著,并且交互影响决策的信息加工过程。在悲伤情绪下,内控型比外控型人格的个体信息搜索深度要深。内控型个体在悲伤情绪比高兴情绪状态下信息搜索深度要深。(3)在决策信息搜索模式上,具体情绪与人格特质主效应显著,但两者交互作用不显著。内控型比外控型人格特质的被试在悲伤状态下更倾向于基于选项加工,内控型个体在悲伤状态比在高兴状态下也倾向于选项加工,而外控型个体在高兴情绪状态比在悲伤情绪状态下更倾向于线索加工。     

记忆编码之后的情绪对中性词语记忆巩固现象的影响

在被试记忆中性词语之后加入情绪图片,人为地诱发被试的正中负三种情绪,旨在考察情绪通过影响记忆的巩固过程对记忆中性词语的影响。实验结果发现,再认时与正负情绪图片配对的词语再认率显著高于与中性情绪图片配对的词语,且正负两种条件下的再认率差异不显著;性别主效应和交互作用都不显著,即在所有被试中都发现了类似的情绪记忆优势效应。     

对“残婴安乐死”的伦理审视

在对“残婴安乐死”的伦理学理论考察中,从目的论思维方法的角度来看,出于婴儿自身利益为优先考虑的安乐死行为具有道德合理性。而持义务论的人通常对其持反对态度。“残婴安乐死”作为一种特殊的具体的道德情境处于义务论进行道德评价的推理逻辑的有效范围之外,因此我们应该坚持从目的论立场来看“残婴安乐死”的本性：一种本质为善的“必要恶”。