大学生日常消费决策中认知信息与情绪信息的交互作用

采用自编日常消费决策材料,以决策依据和决策质量为指标,通过对120名男女大学生的研究,结果发现:⑴男女在决策依据和决策质量方面均无显著差异;⑵认知信息、认知信息与情绪信息的交互作用均对决策依据有显著影响,而情绪信息对决策依据无显著影响,认知信息、情绪信息以及二者的交互作用对决策质量均无显著影响;⑶不同的认知信息在负性情绪变化上存在显著差异,而在正性情绪变化上无显著差异。     

Protein kinase C mediates amyloid β-protein fragment 31–35-induced suppression of hippocampal late-phase long-term potentiation in vivo

Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) plays a detrimental role in synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. The effects of Aβ on the early-phase long-term potentiation (E-LTP) have been reported widely. However, whether the late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP), which differs from E-LTP mechanistically, is also affected by Aβ is still an open question. The present study examined the effects of intracerebraventricular injection of Aβ fragments 25–35 and 31–35 on the L-LTP in the CA1 area of rat hippocampus in vivo, and further investigated its possible underlying mechanism. Our results showed that: (1) Aβ25–35 (6.25–25 nmol) did not affect the baseline field excitatory postsynaptic potentials, but dose-dependently suppressed multiple high-frequency stimuli-induced L-LTP; (2) Aβ31–35, a shorter Aβ fragment than Aβ25–35, also significantly suppressed L-LTP, with the same suppressive effects as Aβ25–35; (3) pretreatment with PMA (6 nmol/5 μl), a membrane permeable PKC agonist, effectively prevented Aβ31–35-induced deficits in the early and the late components of L-LTP; (4) co-application of Aβ31–35 and chelerythrine (12 nmol/5 μl), a PKC antagonist, caused no additive suppression of L-LTP. These results indicate that both Aβ25–35 and Aβ31–35 can impair hippocampal synaptic plasticity in vivo by suppressing the maintenance of L-LTP, and PKC probably mediates the Aβ-induced suppression of hippocampal L-LTP. In addition, the similar efficacy of Aβ31–35 and Aβ25–35 in L-LTP suppression supports the hypothesis we suggested previously that the sequence 31–35 in Aβ might be the shortest active sequence responsible for the neuronal toxicity induced by full length of Aβ molecules.     

Transgenic Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Modulates a Developing Cerebellar Inhibitory Synapse

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to promote synapse formation and maturation in neurons of many brain regions, including inhibitory synapses. In the cerebellum, the Golgi cell-granule cell GABAergic synaptic responses undergo developmental transition from slow-decaying to fast-decaying kinetics, which parallels a developmental increase of GABA_A receptor α6 subunit expression in the cerebellar granule cells. In culture, BDNF accelerates the expression of GABA_A receptor α6 subunit expression in granule cells. Here we examined synaptic GABA_A response kinetics in BDNF transgenic mice. The mutant mouse, which carries a BDNF transgene driven by a β-actin promoter, overexpresses BDNF (two- to fivefold increase compared with wild types) in all brain regions. Recordings of the spontaneous GABA_A responses indicate that the decay time constant of the GABAergic responses decreases during early postnatal development; this transition is accelerated in the BDNF transgenic mouse. The amplitude of the spontaneous GABA_A responses was also larger in the transgenic mouse than in the wild-type mouse. However, the frequency of the spontaneous GABA_A responses were not different between the two groups. Our results suggest that BDNF may modulate GABAergic synapse maturation in the cerebellum.     

植物人研究中的一些神经心理学问题

自从Ｊｅｎｎｅｔｔ等提出＂持久的植物状态＂概念之后,有关植物人的问题已经引起中国医疗卫生界的广泛重视,并且在临床治疗方面取得了一定的成绩。该文对国内及国际植物人研究状况作了简要的评述．作者认为统一关于植物人定义的认识,研究植物人的病理生理机制以及确定临床观察的心理学定量指标乃是中国科学工作者当务之急。     

关于当代中国哲学史学史的若干思考

所谓当代中国(以下的论述内容不包括台港澳地区)哲学史学史,是把1949年至1999年50年间的中国哲学史研究作为对象,从历史批评意识出发进行整体反思,分析其得失,厘定其价值,评判其贡献,超越其局限,推进其发展的一门学科.[1]     

社会同步对内隐攻击性的弱化作用: 影响注意偏向的眼动证据

社会同步作为“社会粘合剂”,能够对社会性产生明显的影响。本研究旨在考察社会同步对内隐攻击性弱化作用的认知机制。研究将45名内隐攻击性水平不同的被试随机分配为三组,完成在模棱两可情境下基于SIP模型的对敌意线索和非敌意线索的第一遍注视。研究结果进一步支持了解释优先模型。同时也表明,社会同步能够在一定程度上减弱高内隐攻击性个体的攻击性倾向,而不会对低内隐攻击性水平的个体产生负面影响。     

孔颖达的易象观与审美意象的建构

孔颖达系隋末唐初经学大师,以主撰《五经正义》播名于史。《五经正义》历来被视为经学、哲学诠释文本,但却涵有不可忽视的美学营养。其中如《周易正义》等文本,就直接包含了丰赡的美学思想材料。如所周知,中国古典美学是以审美意象等范畴为中心的美学,而审美意象的重要基型是     

For Fun,Love, or Money: What Drives Workaholic,Engaged, and Burned‐Out Employees at Work?

Previous research has distinguished between two types of working hard: workaholism, a “bad” type of working hard, and work engagement, a “good” type of working hard. However, the motivations underlying workaholism and work engagement have not been examined extensively. Building on Deci and Ryan's Self‐Determination Theory, the present study examined the motivational correlates of workaholism, work engagement, and burnout (a possible consequence of working hard), using data from Chinese health care professionals (544 nurses and 216 physicians), and controlling for job demands and resources. As expected, structural equation modeling revealed that high levels of workaholism were associated with high levels of introjected regulation and identified regulation; that high levels of work engagement were mainly associated with high levels of intrinsic regulation; and that high levels of burnout were mainly associated with low levels of intrinsic regulation. Thus, different types of motivational regulation are associated with different types of job‐related well‐being.