Dispositional resistance to change: measurement equivalence and the link to personal values across 17 nations

The concept of dispositional resistance to change has been introduced in a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses through which the validity of the Resistance to Change (RTC) Scale has been established (S. Oreg, 2003). However, the vast majority of participants with whom the scale was validated were from the United States. The purpose of the present work was to examine the meaningfulness of the construct and the validity of the scale across nations. Measurement equivalence analyses of data from 17 countries, representing 13 languages and 4 continents, confirmed the cross-national validity of the scale. Equivalent patterns of relationships between personal values and RTC across samples extend the nomological net of the construct and provide further evidence that dispositional resistance to change holds equivalent meanings across nations.     

Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills for Families of Individuals With Behavioral Disorders: Initial Feasibility and Outcomes

Family members of individuals with behavioral disorders are a valuable source of logistical and emotional support for patients. Family members may take on tremendous financial and/or psychological responsibility to care for their loved ones, which can result in poor psychological outcomes for the family and, in turn, impede the recovery of the patient. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) skills training is an effective treatment that has been utilized with numerous populations, including family members of individuals with behavioral problems, and has shown efficacy in improving various interpersonal outcomes; however, no study has examined feasibility and outcomes of delivering all four unabridged DBT skills modules to this population. Twenty participants attended weekly DBT skills classes for 6 months, where they acquired skills in mindfulness, emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, and distress tolerance. There were significant pre-post improvements for emotion dysregulation, stress reactivity, and various interpersonal outcomes; there were no significant changes in depression or anxiety. These results suggest that DBT skills may be effective at improving broad clinical domains in a sample of family members of individuals with behavioral problems. This research is the first step in demonstrating that DBT skills might benefit family members of patients with heterogeneous mental health problems and, therefore, fits in to the field’s growing interest in cost-effective transdiagnostic interventions.     

微创外科手术的人文关怀

医学存在自然和人丈双重属性.医疗服务必须体现人文关怀.人文关怀的核心是以人为本.强调对人的尊重、理解、关心和爱护,重视人的作用.微创外科是传统外科的一场深刻的技术革命,其哲学基础是以人为本.微创外科手术以患者为主体和中心,提出对患者的主体地位和自由权的尊重;以减少对患者的创伤和痛苦为目的,强调患者的价值和尊严,重视对患者的无限关怀,其开创和发展充分体现了人文关怀的精神实质.     

青少年冒险行为及其与人格、依恋的关系

该文采用问卷法对671名初、高中生及大学生进行青少年冒险行为、人格、同伴依恋调查。结果发现,性别、年龄、独生子女与否对青少年冒险行为均有不同程度的影响作用;人格五因素既对青少年冒险行为有直接预测作用,又以同伴依恋的疏远维度为中介间接影响青少年冒险行为。     

再谈缺血性脑卒中的二级预防——欧洲缺血性卒中新指南解读

脑卒中具有高复发率的特点,而且复发性卒中比首次卒中更容易引起严重的残疾,预后更差。因此加强脑卒中的二级预防十分必要。2008年5月6日欧洲卒中组织发布了最新的缺血性卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作的治疗指南。该指南用较大的篇幅,对缺血性脑卒中的二级预防,从控制血管危险因素、抗栓治疗、外科治疗和血管成形术等几个方面进行了较全面的阐述。其中不乏最新的循证医学证据和观点,值得我们借鉴。     

Responsibility Attribution For Violence Against Women: A Study Of Chinese Public Service Professionals

This study examined how Chinese public service professionals attributed responsibility to victims and perpetrators of violence against women (VAW). A total of 2,308 Chinese public service professionals in Hong Kong completed questionnaires on attitudes toward women, VAW–related perceptions, and assignment of responsibility to actors in written VAW vignettes. Compared to agency professionals consisting of medical doctors, lawyers, and police officers, communal professionals consisting of psychologists, social workers, and nurses attributed a higher level of responsibility to VAW victims and perpetrators. For both professional groups, attitudes toward women and educational attainment were the most salient predictors of responsibility attribution to VAW victims and perpetrators. Perceived VAW effects on victims were also a robust predictor of responsibility attribution to perpetrators. With regard to group differences, gender was predictive of responsibility attribution for communal but not for agency professionals. Except for perpetrator responsibility attribution for agency professionals, age was also predictive of how professionals assigned responsibility to VAW victims and perpetrators.     

Gender differences in adolescent coping behaviors and suicidal ideation: findings from a sample of 73,238 adolescents

Suicide among adolescents is an emerging global public health problem as well as a socioeconomic problem. Stress-coping strategies have been shown to be associated with suicidal ideation. We examined coping behaviors related to suicidal ideation and gender differences in adolescents using the data from the 2010 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (ages 12–19 years; N = 73,238). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between suicidal ideation and specific coping behaviors while controlling for potentially confounding variables. In both male and female groups, the coping behavior “drinking alcoholic beverages” and “smoking cigarettes” were positively associated with suicidal ideation. “Watching TV,” “playing online/mobile games,” and “sleeping” were negatively associated with suicidal ideation in both groups. In males, “engaging in sports” was negatively related to suicidal ideation. In females, “venting by talking to others” and “eating” were negatively related to suicidal ideation. The results indicate that there are gender differences in the effects of coping behaviors on adolescent suicidal ideation, and that developing adaptive coping strategies may function to reduce suicidality. Future studies are needed to examine whether improving coping skills can reduce suicidal ideation in a gender-specific manner.     

智旭对《周易·大过卦》的佛学解读

晚明高僧智旭所撰的《周易禅解》是易学史上首部系统地以佛解易的佳作。本文探讨了其中解《大过卦》的一节。在这一节中,智旭通过对《大过卦》的佛学解读,依傍《大过卦》中的易学原理阐明了佛教修行中“定”与“慧”的互利关系,指出只有“定慧兼济”、“定慧双修”才能最终修成正果,并告诫要防范因“定”或“慧”太过而造成的“增上慢”或“枯木禅”现象。最后笔者指明了智旭以佛解易对现代易学解释的启示。     

心理应激的影像学实验范式及其脑机制研究进展

心理应激的脑机制研究是心理生理学研究的重大科学问题.本文根据近年来国内外的研究进展,首先介绍了最新使用的实验室心理应激的影像学研究范式:特里尔社会应激实验、口头心算应激和蒙特利尔应激实验的研究方法,然后介绍了应用这些实验范式得出的心理应激反应主要涉及的脑区活动.最后,提出了心理应激实验范式及其脑机制研究的未来发展方向.     

EZ does it! Extensions of the EZ-diffusion model

In this rejoinder, we address two of Ratcliff’s main concerns with respect to the EZ-diffusion model (Ratcliff, 2008). First, we introduce “robust-EZ,” a mixture model approach to achieve robustness against the presence of response contaminants that might otherwise distort parameter estimates. Second, we discuss an extension of the EZ model that allows the estimation of starting point as an additional parameter. Together with recently developed, user-friendly software programs for fitting the full diffusion model (Vandekerckhove & Tuerlinckx, 2007; Voss & Voss, 2007), the development of the EZ model and its extensions is part of a larger effort to make diffusion model analyses accessible to a broader audience, an effort that is long overdue.