情绪和认知方式对个体建议采纳的影响*

通过电影诱发被试的情绪,利用两个实验探讨了情绪和认知方式对个体建议采纳的影响。实验一采用选择任务,实验二采用估计任务,研究发现:(1)愉快情绪状态下的被试建议采纳程度高于愤怒的被试,场依存型被试建议采纳程度高于场独立型被试,女性比起男性更易采纳他人建议;(2)在估计任务中,无论场依存者还是场独立者,在愤怒状态下建议采纳程度无显著差异,且均低于愉快状态下。     

Perceived discrimination and antisocial behaviour among Chinese rural‐to‐urban migrant adolescents: Mediating effects of social support

Using cross‐sectional data from rural‐to‐urban migrant adolescents in urban areas of Beijing, China, we examined the mediating effects of social support (i.e. teacher support and classmate support) in the relationship between perceived discrimination (PD) and antisocial behaviour (ASB) among Chinese migrant adolescents. Participants were 897 adolescents (459 boys and 438 girls, mean age = 13.34 years) from four migrant schools (68.8%) and four public schools (31.2%). Participants completed self‐report questionnaires concerning PD, ASB, teacher support and classmate support. Results indicated that Chinese migrant adolescents who perceived more discrimination were more likely to engage in ASB. Teacher support partially mediated the relationship between PD and ASB. Gender moderated this mediational relationship, such that teacher support exerted a mediating role among girls, but not boys. The findings suggest that reductions in teacher support may partially account for the effect of PD on ASB among Chinese migrant adolescents girls.     

系统生物学——中西医结合的平台

通过比较系统生物学与中医理论在整体观、系统观、预测性和预防性医疗以及个体化治疗等方面的相似之处,并分析中医和西医各自的优点和不足,提出中医和现代医学在系统生物学的基础上进行整合的必然性和可能性,系统生物学是中西医结合的平台。     

Variation in coordination of a discrete multiarticular action as a function of skill level

The authors investigated coordination modes that emerged as a function of the interaction between skill level and task constraints in a multiarticular kicking action. Five skilled, 5 intermediate, and 5 novice participants attempted to satisfy specific height and accuracy constraints in kicking a ball over a barrier. Skilled and intermediate groups demonstrated a functional coordination mode involving less joint involvement at the proximal joints and greater joint involvement at distal joints, mimicking a chip-like action in soccer. Conversely, the novice group tended to produce larger ranges of motion throughout the kicking limb in a driving-like kicking action. Key differences were also found for task outcome scores, joint angle-angle relations, and ball-trajectory plots between the skilled and intermediate groups and the novice group. Findings from this study demonstrated that joint involvement during this discrete multiarticular action is a function of skill level and task constraints rather than a consequence of a global freezing-freeing strategy suggested in some previous research. The authors also highlight the merit of using a model of the acquisition of coordination in examining how coordination modes for multiarticular actions differ as a function of skill.     

东莨菪碱对吗啡诱导的大鼠行为敏感化的影响

药物重复处理导致的行为敏感化与成瘾过程密切相关。本实验检验东莨菪碱对吗啡诱导的大鼠行为敏感化发展和转化的影响。实验一动物分为3组,分别进行生理盐水（对照组）、吗啡（10mg/kg,吗啡组）、吗啡（10mg/kg）＋东莨菪碱（3mg/kg,吗啡-东莨菪碱组）前处理,36小时腹腔注射4次（第1~2天）。自然戒断7天（第3~9天）。第10天,所有动物均使用吗啡（4mg/kg）激发,记录动物的自发活动量;第24天,吗啡组和吗啡-东莨菪碱组动物重复第10天的操作。实验二动物分为3组,分别接受生理盐水（对照组）、吗啡（10mg/kg,吗啡组）、吗啡（10mg/kg,吗啡-东莨菪碱组）处理,36小时腹腔注射4次（第1~3天）;间隔12小时后,3组动物分别接受生理盐水、生理盐水和东莨菪碱（3mg/kg）处理,仍为36小时腹腔注射4次（第3 ~5天）。第6~9天不进行药物处理。第10天和第17天,分别使用吗啡（4mg/kg）激发,记录动物的活动量。记录时间均为两小时(10分钟为一个记录单元)。结果表明,东莨菪碱能够抑制吗啡诱导的行为敏感化的发展,一定程度上也能够延缓行为敏感化的转化但没有阻断这种转化     

MK-801与环境线索交互作用对吗啡行为敏感化的影响

为探讨MK-801与环境线索交互作用对吗啡诱导行为敏感化的影响,将42只大鼠随机分为对照组,MK-801组,吗啡组（匹配和非匹配）和MK-801+吗啡组（匹配和非匹配）。行为敏感化模型建立分为发展期,戒断期和表达期三个阶段。实验结果发现：同时给予MK-801（0.1mg·kg-1）会促进吗啡（5mg·kg-1）诱导大鼠行为敏感化的发展,而且会使MK-801成为大鼠行为敏感化表达所必需的条件性刺激。MK-801的内部线索作用过强,从而削弱了环境的外部线索作用。研究结果表明：MK-801对吗啡诱导行为敏感化的影响存在状态依赖（state-dependency）现象,提示在NMDA受体与行为敏感化关系的研究中应考虑选择刺激特性更小的药物     

Theta band behavioral fluctuations synchronized interpersonally during cooperation

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Human behavior fluctuates. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that behavioral performance in perception fluctuates rhythmically, with dynamics closely...     

伪装情绪的人际影响及其作用机制

伪装情绪是指在情绪交互的过程中, 人们展现实际不存在的积极或消极情绪, 放大亦或是压抑原本的情绪。伪装情绪是一种策略选择的结果, 表现者所展现的情绪在当下可能并未发生, 但却能在某种程度上令人信服。目前关于伪装情绪的研究比较分散, 对于伪装情绪人际影响及其作用机制还存在着一定争议。现有文献多从博弈过程、亲社会行为情境、组织情境和领导效果四个方面对伪装情绪的人际效应进行探讨, 其中相关的机制包括情绪接受者的情感反应及“以己度人”的内心过程。未来的研究可以从情绪接受者、群体伪装、伪装情绪效价、认知神经机制以及文化等方面, 对伪装情绪展开深入系统性的研究。     

<菜根谭>的心理卫生思想剖析

该文着重从人际交往、个性、环境以及自我修养等方面分析了《莱根谭》中所蕴含的心理卫生思想。     

幼儿对不同情境中的情绪认知及其归因

考察了90名3~5岁幼儿对4种与情绪关联程度不同的日常情境中,具有积极或是消极行为表现的故事主人公的情绪理解。结果表明：（1）绝大多数幼儿都能理解各情境中具有积极行为的主人公觉得高兴。（2）幼儿对相应的消极情绪认知要相对差一些,并在3~4岁之间获得了较显著的发展进而达到基本能全数理解的水平;尤其是在低关联情境中,幼儿对消极情绪的认知更差一些,且显著低于对高关联情境中的消极情绪认知。（3）60%左右的3岁幼儿能认识到同样情境中具有不同行为表现的个体具有不同的情绪体验,到4、5岁时,幼儿的这一情感观点采择能力获得较大发展并达到成熟水平。（4）幼儿的情绪归因与情绪的性质以及具体的情境有关