MMPI-215中F量表的特性及其影响因素

使用MMPI—215在全国18个省市对7073名应征青年进行测试,探讨F量表分数的相关和影响因素。结果：1．F分在正常人群与异常人群中有各自不同分布特点;其应答率存在有显著差异;2．F分与其它分量表呈显著性相关;3F分受年龄、文化程度、生长地等多因素影响,低学历,生长地靠北方和农村、年龄偏小的应征青年F分数较高。     

5～7岁儿童类比系统性效应的实验研究

本研究利用Gentner的理论,参考Robins的研究方法自己编制材料,以故事呈现的方式研究了5岁、6岁和7岁三个年龄组儿童的类比系统性效应。结果表明,5岁年龄组的儿童不容易进行结构映射,而6岁和7岁两个年龄组的儿童表现出比较明显的类比系统性效应。这表明在合适的年龄阶段,儿童可以理解故事中的因果关系。     

中国人的人格特点(Ⅱ):善良

该研究的目的是探讨不同性别、年龄、职业和婚姻状况的被试在善良人格维度上的特点。1276名被试在中国人人格量表（QZVS）的善良维度上的分数存在不同程度的性别、年龄、职业和婚姻状况差异,其中尤以性别和年龄的影响最大,年龄和职业的交互作用明显,而且婚姻状况会明显影响个体1的重感情倾向。文中还讨论了善良人格维度差异的意义以及将来研究的方向。     

IAT测验对攻击性内隐社会认知的应用研究

采用内隐联想测验（IAT）对攻击性内隐社会认知进行了研究。结果显示：1．IAT测验中,攻击性信息和积极性词汇之间的平均反应时小于其和消极性词汇之间的平均反应时,且差异显著;2．攻击性IAT测验与攻击性自陈式量表所测结果之间无显著性相关;3．攻击性IAT测验中,男女被试之间无显著性差异。研究表明IAT测验可以应用于攻击性内隐社会认知的研究。     

略论《维摩诘经》净土思想

<维摩诘经>是印度早期大乘佛教的重要经典,在南北朝和隋唐时期广为流传,在佛教般若思想的发展中占有重要地位.该经蕴含着丰富的净土思想,明确提出了"心净则佛土净"这一著名命题.本文从菩萨取净土之目的与方法的角度,认为<维摩诘经>中菩萨取净土的目的是度化调伏众生,此即为"众生之类是菩萨佛土"的内含意蕴,还阐述分析了建立净佛国土之净土行和"心净则佛土净"思想.     

A correlation between sickness or injury within two weeks,chronic diseases and fatigue among adults aged 18–45 years

To investigate the prevalence of fatigue, the relationship between sickness or injury within two weeks, chronic diseases and fatigue among adults aged 18–45 years. Thousand five hundred and seventy nine individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. The Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) was used to assess fatigue defined as CFS score ≥4. The prevalence of fatigue was 25% in this study. Our results showed that only sickness or injury within two weeks (odds ratio [OR]: 2.440) and chronic diseases (OR: 1.727) were significantly related to fatigue. Moreover, their ORs for fatigue remained the same in all models (binary logistic regression models with adjusting for demographic and health-related characteristics one by one). In conclusion, fatigue was prevalent among adults aged 18–45 years. Sickness or injury within two weeks and chronic diseases were the risk factors for fatigue independent of demographic and health-related characteristics.     

Effect of achievement motivation on cognitive control adaptations

Previous research addressing motivational effects on cognitive control adaptations primarily manipulated external rewards. In the present study, we examined whether achievement motivation, reflecting intrinsic motivation, modulates cognitive control adaptations. In each of two experiments, students were divided into a high achievement motivation group (HAM; Experiment 1: N?=?36; Experiment 2: N?=?39) and a low achievement motivation group (LAM; Experiment 1: N?=?30; Experiment 2: N?=?39) on the basis of the Achievement Motivation Scale. Cognitive control adaptations were assessed by sequential congruency effects (SCEs) in Flanker tasks. Using a standard Flanker task in Experiment 1 and examining response times, the HAM but not LAM participants showed evidence of cognitive control adaptations. Because SCEs in a standard Flanker task may reflect lower-level, bottom-up processes rather than cognitive control adaptations, we used an adapted version of the Flanker task in Experiment 2 that controlled for the potential influence of such processes. Experiment 2 again revealed evidence of SCEs in the HAM but not LAM participants. These results suggest that cognitive control adaptions may be modulated by achievement motivation. Such potential modulation could be taken into account when evaluating results of previous and future fundamental and applied studies on cognitive control adaptations.     

Using Response Times and Response Accuracy to Measure Fluency Within Cognitive Diagnosis Models

Psychometrika - The recent “Every Student Succeed Act" encourages schools to use an innovative assessment to provide feedback about students’ mastery level of grade-level content...     

亲子沟通对青少年社会适应的影响:兼及普通学校和工读学校的比较

该研究利用协方差结构模型的方法,对青少年的亲子沟通与其行为问题、同伴关系和学业成绩之间的关系进行了考察,并就父子沟通和母子沟通对青少年社会适应影响的差异进行了分析,最后用多样本比较分析了普通学校初中生和工读学校学生之间的差异。结果表明：(1)理论模型与数据吻合很好,家庭亲子沟通影响青少年的行为问题、同伴关系和学业成绩。(2)父子沟通与母子沟通对学生的同伴关系、行为问题和学业成绩的影响无显著差异。在各观察变量中,父子沟通时间和母子沟通态度对青少年的同伴关系有显著影响,亲子沟通(父母)时间对青少年行为问题的发生有影响。(3)不同类型学校之间多样本比较表明,普通校与工读校的青少年在模型结构上存在差异。工读校的青少年,其母亲的沟通态度和选择的沟通场合对同伴关系有显著影响,其父亲对沟通场合的选择和母亲的沟通内容对行为问题的发生有显著影响,父亲沟通的内容与主动性对青少年的学业成绩有影响。(4)普通校学生的同伴关系对行为问题没有显著影响,但在工读学校,同伴关系对行为问题有显著影响。     

Examining the Growth Trajectories of Physical Education Students’ Motivation,Enjoyment, and Physical Activity: A Person-Oriented Approach

The study examined the growth trajectories in 757 (M age = 12.71) Finnish middle school students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation along with their enjoyment and physical activity. In addition, the study aimed to examine the role of intrinsic and extrinsic physical education motivation in the development in adolescents’ enjoyment and physical activity by identifying adolescents’ subgroups. Adolescents’ enjoyment and physical activity declined, intrinsic motivation was stable, and extrinsic motivation increased across middle school. Adolescents with highest levels of intrinsic motivation and moderate to high levels of extrinsic regulation had the highest levels of enjoyment and physical activity.