社会行为的效价信息对注意捕获的影响：基于帮助和阻碍行为的探讨

采用学习-测验两任务范式,通过3项实验探讨了社会行为的效价信息对注意捕获的影响。在学习阶段,被试观看具有积极效价的帮助行为(某智能体帮助另一智能体爬山)和消极效价的阻碍行为(某智能体阻碍另一智能体爬山),以及与各自运动特性匹配的无社会交互行为,其目的为建立不同智能体颜色与社会行为效价信息的联结关系。在测验阶段,则分别检验社会行为中的施动方(帮助者和阻碍者)颜色和受动方(被帮助者和被阻碍者)颜色的注意捕获效应。结果发现,消极社会行为中施动方颜色和受动方颜色均更容易捕获注意,而积极社会行为效价信息并没有改变联结特征值的注意捕获效应;且相比于受动方,与消极社会行为效价建立联结的施动方颜色的注意捕获效应更强。该结果提示,存在消极社会行为效价驱动的注意捕获,且消极的效价信息与卷入社会行为所有个体的特征建立联结,但该联结中施动方物理特征具有更高的注意优先性。这一发现暗示,声誉信息与对社会交互行为的整体表征可能综合作用于对社会交互事件的注意选择。     

管理心理学的现状与发展趋势

本文在综合分析了国内外管理心理学发展概况的基础上认为,在适应经济全球化和企业不断变革的情况下,组织变革、领导行为、激励机制和组织文化是管理心理学的研究新热点,管理心理学的发展趋势是重视组织层面的变革研究,强调对人力资源的系统开发,研究领域不断拓展,更加关注国家目标.并提出了管理心理学研究的近期目标和中长期发展目标的建议.     

“工会再造”与马克思主义工会学说中国化

工会是资本主义现代性范畴,标志工人阶级集体行动进入到"自为"阶段。马克思恩格斯所目睹的工会组织,是在资本主义雇佣劳动体制下,工人阶级有组织地同资本斗争的共同体形式;但是资本主义体制下的工会必然出现内卷化、贵族化问题,使其倒退为狭隘的经济利益社团。中国共产党在中国社会情境中对工会的政治形态、职能形态、文化形态和制度形态进行系统再造,领导工人阶级革命建国,使工人阶级上升为国家领导阶级,工会进入社会主义国家政权,成为中国共产党治国理政的经常性、基础性工作。"工会再造"是马克思主义工会学说中国化的源头活水,是发展21世纪马克思主义工会学说的现实依据。     

中外高等医学教育学制与学位的研究与思考

依据WHO《世界医学院指南》,研究了目前世界各国高等医学教育学制与学位的状况,在分析我国医学学制与学位现状及存在问题的基础上,提出了改革我国高等医学教育学制与学位的思考及建议     

盛世的“叫魂”——《叫魂·1768年中国妖术大恐慌》评介

美国著名汉学家孔飞力(Philip A.Kuhn)教授,1984年始在中国第一历史档案馆从事研     

模型构建方法与结构方程建模──与张建平同志商讨

本文就心理所张建平同志的“一种新的统计方法和研究思路一结构方程建模述评”一文讨论了结构方程建模一般概念与ＬＩＳＲＥＬ模型的差异。并简要介绍了另一种结构方程建模方法一偏最小平方模型（ＰａｒｔｉａｌＬｅａｓｔＳｑｕａｒｅＭｏｄｅｌ,简称ＰＬＳ）。     

广告作品评价系统的心理学研究

本研究从1990年至1991年,在全国许多城市对消费者的电视和报纸广告作品的一般性评价进行了调查,分别获得了五至六个基本评价因素:可信度、吸引力、适合度、感染力、认知力和必要信息;通过控制试验,又获得了它们的相对重视度和广告作品评价的数学模型: B=∑a_k ·r_(kj)     

The social-encoding benefit in face recognition is generalized to other-race faces

Faces are visual stimuli that convey rich social information. Previous experiments found better recognition for faces that were evaluated based on their social traits than on their perceptual features during encoding. Here, we ask whether this social-encoding benefit in face recognition is also found for categories of faces that we have no previous social experience with, such as other-race faces. To answer this question, we first explored whether social and perceptual evaluations for other-race faces are consistent and valid. We then asked whether social evaluations during encoding improve recognition for other-race faces. Results show that social and perceptual evaluations of own- and other-race faces were valid. We also found high agreement in social and perceptual evaluations across individuals from different races. This indicates that evaluations of other-race faces are not random but meaningful. Furthermore, we found that social evaluations facilitated face recognition regardless of race, demonstrating a social-encoding benefit for both own- and other-race faces. Our findings highlight the role of social information in face recognition and show how it can be used to improve recognition of categories of faces that are hard to recognize due to lack of experience with them.     

Double challenges: How working from home affects dual-earner couples’ work-family experiences

Against the backdrop of COVID-19 pandemic, we draw on family systems theory to elucidate how daily work-from-home status (WFH) affects both members in dual-earner couples. We propose that the WFH exerts intra-individual and inter-individual influences on employees’ and their partners’ work task and family task completion and their subsequent reactions to their work and family experiences. We examined the hypothesized relationships with two daily survey studies on dual-earner couples conducted during the pandemic (i.e., 1,559 daily responses of 165 dual-earner couples from China in Study 1, and 773 daily responses of 57 dual-earner couples from South Korea in Study 2). The two studies provide converging results that working from home (vs. office) increased employees’ family task completion for both husbands and wives and that wives working from home (vs. office) decreased husbands’ family task completion. Further, in both studies, daily work task completion increased felt guilt toward family (for wives only) through increased work-family conflict, and daily family task completion increased psychological withdrawal from work through increased family-work conflict for both husbands and wives. Moreover, we found in Study 2 that on days when husbands had flexible work schedule, wives completed more work tasks when working from home (vs. office) and that on days when wives had inflexible work arrangement, husbands completed more family tasks when working from home (vs. office). Across the two studies, there were no clear gender-difference patterns in husbands’ and wives’ work and family experiences.     

关于婴儿情绪性的分化实验研究—气质的情绪性特征在不同情绪中的表现是一致的吗?

本实验以情绪反应的潜伏期和持续时间为情绪性特征的指标,测量了30名婴儿的四种基本情绪的情绪性特征。因素分析的结果表明,这四种情绪的情绪性特征之间没有一致性。这意味着在气质测量中应以分化的情绪性维度代替笼统的情绪性维度。同时,本实验还测量了生理指标HRV,并将其和表情指标做了比较。