心理学研究的可重复性“危机”:一些积极应对策略

研究结果的可重复性不高是目前心理学研究面临的一个较为普遍的现象,造成这种情况不仅是由于人类心理与行为的复杂性及实验操作、环境等无关变量的影响,排除个别学术不端行为,许多研究者偏差性的操作也是影响可重复性的重要原因。由于一些偏差性操作可能已经被当成研究惯例,因而有必要明确具体操作来源并据此提出解决策略,为促进心理学界关于研究程序、数据分析、结果呈现等操作惯例的转变提供参照。     

Let It Go: Positive Affect Attenuates Sunk Cost Bias by Enhancing Cognitive Flexibility

Sunk cost bias is a pervasive problem in consumer decision making. It occurs when people continue to invest resources toward unsuccessful outcomes merely because they previously invested in them. This tendency exists because people devote too much attention to prior investments without considering how other factors may impact their decision outcome. While many suggested interventions to attenuate sunk cost bias involve altering cognitive processes, we examine an alternate affective route. Specifically, we propose that inducing positive affect attenuates sunk cost bias by naturally facilitating flexible thought processes. Across four studies, using hypothetical and real decision tasks, we find that positive affect induced in three different ways consistently attenuates sunk cost bias involving money, time, and effort investments. Further, we demonstrate that this occurs because people experiencing positive affect have enhanced cognitive flexibility. They consider more relevant decision factors and perceive sunk cost as having less of an influence on their decision outcomes. Then, in a fifth study, we show that a thought intervention promoting flexibility can attenuate consumers’ suboptimal commitment tendency in a field setting.     

A Theory of Necessities

Journal of Philosophical Logic - We develop a theory of necessity operators within a version of higher-order logic that is neutral about how fine-grained reality is. The theory is axiomatized in...     

Frequentist Model Averaging in Structure Equation Model With Ordinal Data

Psychometrika - In practice, it is common that a best fitting structural equation model (SEM) is selected from a set of candidate SEMs and inference is conducted conditional on the selected model....     

职业污名与离职倾向：牵连家人污名与家庭卷入的作用

职业污名对从业者的工作态度和工作行为有着重要影响。以往研究从个体职业身份的视角解释职业污名的作用, 忽略了从业者个体身份认同的多重属性。本研究基于身份边界理论, 提出职业污名会通过牵连家人污名这一机制影响从业者的离职倾向。另外, 这一机制的强弱取决于个体的家庭卷入程度。本研究通过对分属不同职业的384名从业者的3轮问卷调研发现, 家庭卷入调节了牵连家人污名在职业污名与离职倾向之间的中介作用。当个体的家庭卷入水平高时, 这一中介作用更强; 家庭卷入水平低时, 该中介作用更弱。本研究在理论上提出并检验了职业污名影响的新机制, 同时对实际管理工作提出了建议。     

Rawlsian and Confucian Distributive Justice and the Worst Off

Philosophia - In any complex human society, distinct persons may have strikingly different standards of living. Those who lead the most undesirable, poorest lives in society can be called the worst...     

人类对知识的好奇:认识性好奇心

认识性好奇心是个体对新知识的好奇,可从状态和特质角度理解,其中特质认识性好奇心又区分为兴趣型和剥夺型两种类型。近年来众多证据表明,认识性好奇心受知道感、性别、对信息的偏好模式等因素影响,并在学习、记忆及创造性方面起到积极作用。未来研究有必要着眼于毕生发展的角度进行纵向考察,完善其测量方式,并深入考察认识性好奇心对学习的影响机制,从而为教育实践提供一定启示。     

What makes a group of good citizens? The role of perceived group‐level fit and critical psychological states in organizational teams

Recent studies have expanded the construct of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) to the group level and demonstrated its significance in predicting group performance. In this study, we have further expanded this growing stream of research regarding group‐level OCB (GOCB), by identifying distinct group characteristics that predict GOCB. Specifically, we have isolated perceived group–organization (G–O) fit and group–task (G–T) fit as meaningful antecedents of GOCB. We further propose that the perceived G–O and G–T fit influence GOCB by shaping two intermediate psychological states of group members: cohesion and group efficacy. Our findings, which were based on multi‐source data collected from 43 organizational teams, demonstrated that cohesion completely mediated the effect of perceived G–O fit on GOCB. Group efficacy, however, proved not to be a significant mediator of the relationship between perceived G–T fit and GOCB. Instead, G–T fit had a significant direct effect on GOCB. This study highlights the significance of group‐level conceptualization of group–environment interaction as a potential driver of various group processes and outcomes.     

会话、心灵与实在——塞尔言语行为思想的三个维度

Speech act is an important issue of the philosophy of language. With the development from analytic philosophy to the philosophy of language,and then to the philosophy of mind,the contemporary philosopher Searle has been dedicating himself to perfecting speech act theory for decades. Firstly,based on the whole process of conversation,he enriched speech act theory within the framework of pragmatics,widening the scope of the philosophical study of meaning; secondly,by introducing the notion of intentionality,h...     

教师心理健康评价量表的编制及现状研究

在理论分析和借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,自行编制了针对我国教师心理健康的评价量表,并对来自北京、河北、江苏、山东、山西、青海、浙江等7个省市的1819名教师进行了测试。结果发现:《教师心理健康评价量表》由自我、社会、工作和生活四个分量表构成。经检验,《教师心理健康评价量表》具有良好的信度和效度,可以在今后相关研究中作为了解教师心理健康状况的测量工具使用;同时研究还发现,幼儿园、小学、初中和大学的教师同时存在发展性问题和适应性问题,而高中教师只有适应性问题,没有发展性问题。