Gender and early Chinese cosmology revisited

This article proposes to challenge the generally accepted argument that early Chinese cosmology transcended questions of gender by presenting a new analysis of the Xian 咸 and other relevant hexagrams in the Classic of Changes (Yijing 易經), as well as their classical commentaries. This new study shows that, the concept of the resonant gendered relation of husband and wife played a significant role in constructing social relations and cosmological modes implied in this significant classic. The harmonious husband–wife relation was placed at the center of the social, political, and cosmic order. This may be one reason that from about the same period, Confucian moral and political philosophy always emphasized the importance of ordering one’s family before governing the state. In this sense, the Chinese cosmology, as seen in the Classic of Changes, does not transcend gender; on the contrary, it is gendered.     

Lens on International Clinical Supervision: Lessons Learned from a Cross-National Comparison of Supervision

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy - Clinical supervision is an essential mechanism for training psychologists internationally. But although it is performed globally, scholarship has primarily...     

Social networking sites addiction and FoMO: The mediating role of envy and the moderating role of need to belong

Previous research has documented that social networking sites (SNS) addiction is positively related to FoMO (Fear of Missing Out). However, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation. The current study tested the mediating effect of envy in the association between SNS addiction and FoMO, and whether this mediating process was moderated by need to belong. The model in this study was examined with 704 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 16.80 years, SD = 0.92). The participants completed questionnaires regarding SNS addiction, envy, FoMO, and need to belong. The results showed that SNS addiction was positively associated with FoMO. Mediation analysis indicated that envy mediated the association between SNS addiction and FoMO. Moderated mediation analysis further revealed that the mediated path was stronger for adolescents with higher degrees of need to belong. These findings highlight the significance of confirming the mechanisms that moderate the mediated paths between SNS addiction and FoMO. Besides, the findings provide a potential way to understand the consequences of SNS addiction better and help to reduce the negative impact of high levels of FOMO on adolescents.

     

上下文熟悉效应对元记忆监测和记忆的影响

在认知任务中,伴随编码和检索的外围信息被称为上下文,其本身并不是编码或检索的目标。如果学习时的上下文在其后进行提取时重复出现,不管是否对应之前的学习项目,都会增加个体再认正确的概率。这种由于上下文增强项目熟悉感而促进记忆效果的现象就称为上下文熟悉效应。本研究通过两个实验探究上下文熟悉效应对元记忆监测及记忆的影响机制。其中,元记忆监测是以学习判断和信心判断为指标。记忆成绩则是以再认正确率为指标。研究结果显示:第一,上下文熟悉效应影响元记忆监测:学习判断等级上,恢复条件显著高于新条件,且不受任务难度影响; 信心判断等级上,简单任务时恢复条件与新条件无显著差异,困难任务时恢复条件显著高于新条件。第二,上下文熟悉效应影响记忆成绩:再认成绩上,简单任务时新条件显著高于恢复条件; 困难任务时恢复条件显著高于新条件。研究得出结论:上下文熟悉效应对元记忆监测和记忆都有显著影响,任务难度起调节作用。     

让小我融入大我:适恰自尊的积极心理学意义

本研究基于本土自尊理论,将建立在适度恰当满足大小我需要基础上的自尊称为“适恰自尊”,并从个体,人际与集体三个层面揭示其积极心理学意义。结果发现：（1）在个体层面,适恰自尊与青少年主观幸福感显著正相关;（2）在人际层面,适恰自尊会放大来自他人（即父母）适恰自尊对青少年主观幸福感的积极影响;（3）在集体层面,大学新生的适恰自尊与大我自尊显著正相关,并有利于大学新生在入学一年内通过逐步建立大我自尊和小我自尊满足多重基本心理需要。本研究通过揭示中国人理想型自尊的内涵和机制,将会助力中国人理性平和,积极向上社会心态的建立与提升。     

The moderating role of intrinsic value in the relation between psychological needs support and academic engagement in mathematics among Chinese adolescent students

This study was to assess the moderating roles of intrinsic value in the relation of basic psychological needs support to academic engagement in mathematics. We recruited 246 middle school students by using the Basic Psychological Needs Support Scale, the Intrinsic Value Scale and the Academic Engagement Scale. This study found that both basic psychological needs support and intrinsic value had significant predictions on the three aspects of academic engagement. Moreover, the interaction item between basic psychological needs support and intrinsic value could significantly affect emotional and cognitive engagement, but not behavioural engagement. The findings indicated that except for behavioural engagement, the associations between basic psychological need support and emotional or cognitive engagement could be moderated by intrinsic value. This study provides a special perspective for educators and researchers to recognise the role of intrinsic value in promoting adolescents' higher levels of involvement in mathematics class.     

Asymmetrical attention allocation to dissimilar and similar attitudes

Evaluations of others are sometimes influenced more by their dissimilar than similar attitudes. The authors investigated this similarity–dissimilarity asymmetry at the level of stimulus processing. In a variant of the Stroop task in Experiment 1 (N = 50), dissimilar attitudes of the participants interfered more with their color-naming performance than did similar attitudes. In a dual-task paradigm of Experiment 2 (N = 92), a greater attention allocation to dissimilar than similar attitudes disappeared when the cognitive load was low, but not when it was high. Findings illustrated the similarity–dissimilarity asymmetry at the level of stimulus processing, and presented the asymmetry as another case of the fundamental positive–negative asymmetry. Implications and alternative interpretations of these findings are discussed.     

行为遗传学:解决面孔特异性问题争论的新思路

面孔刺激的加工存在特异性,但"特异性"的具体内涵仍存在争议.面孔特异性假说认为面孔刺激具有特异性;而专家假说则认为存在特异性的是整体加工的模式.通过对相关领域近年来主要的研究结果的总结,发现争论中混淆了两个概念--加工类型和刺激类型,二者正交分解可将争论归纳为三个假设:1)面孔整体加工特异性的假设;2)面孔刺激特异性的假设;3)专家加工特异性的假设.在未来的研究中,行为遗传学可为解决该争论提供合适的方法.     

"爱情"与"友谊"概念表征的差异——基于字词联想的比较

运用字词联想法对大学生爱情和友谊概念表征的异同进行了初步探究.以"爱情"和"友谊"为靶词,让被试进行自由联想,之后对搜集到的11136个联想词进行内容分析,在前人研究的基础上最终编码为18个范畴.结果显示,爱情相对需要更多的理性与情感投入、经历更多的痛苦、肩负更多的责侄,容易联想到婚姻、家庭、命运缘分,而友谊较少牵扯.与爱情相比,友谊更易于转化为爱情,而经历过爱情的人很难再回归到友谊.这些结果与日常观念相符,为如何处理爱情和友谊的关系提供了实征指导.     

知觉运动学习中的背景干扰效应和元认知监测

选取大学生为被试,采用两因素混合实验设计,以预期按键反应作为知觉运动学习任务.在运动学习任务中,设置了集中练习和分散练习两种练习方式以及三个练习一测试组块.通过分析不同练习方式和练习-测试组块对练习成绩、测试成绩以及元认知监测的影响,考察运动知觉学习的背景干扰效应、练习伴随低估效应以及元认知监测的依据.结果发现: (1)缩短练习与测试之间的时间间隔,经典的背景干扰效应没有出现; (2)在知觉运动学习的多组块练习过程中.元认知监测准确性没有出现练习伴随低估效应; (3)集中练习组更多地以当前的练习成绩作为依据进行预测,从而导致了对预测的高估.