“工会再造”与马克思主义工会学说中国化

工会是资本主义现代性范畴,标志工人阶级集体行动进入到"自为"阶段。马克思恩格斯所目睹的工会组织,是在资本主义雇佣劳动体制下,工人阶级有组织地同资本斗争的共同体形式;但是资本主义体制下的工会必然出现内卷化、贵族化问题,使其倒退为狭隘的经济利益社团。中国共产党在中国社会情境中对工会的政治形态、职能形态、文化形态和制度形态进行系统再造,领导工人阶级革命建国,使工人阶级上升为国家领导阶级,工会进入社会主义国家政权,成为中国共产党治国理政的经常性、基础性工作。"工会再造"是马克思主义工会学说中国化的源头活水,是发展21世纪马克思主义工会学说的现实依据。     

SPENDING WELL: HOW TIME PERSPECTIVES IMPACT CONSUMER VALUES AND FINANCIAL DECISIONS AMONG MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS

The current research extends the time perspective literature by exploring the relationships between time perspectives and financial outcomes across several adult age groups. In combining various demographically diverse samples, our study includes a total of 9,065 adults that completed some form of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI). We found that people who are Future-oriented tend to have more responsible financial lifestyles. On the other hand, Past-Negative, Present-Hedonism, and Past-Fatalism orientations are associated with more detrimental financial lifestyles. Thus, the greater the deviation from a balanced time perspective middle-aged adults were, the (1) more they reported being materialistic, (2) more impulsive, compulsive, and conspicuous they were when shopping, and (3) less financially secure they felt. Also, our mediation models revealed that increased impulsive buying, compulsive buying, and conspicuous consumption partially mediated the negative relation between Past-Negative and financial security. However, decreased conspicuous consumption partially mediated the positive relation between Future and financial risk tolerance. We discuss potential ways to shape individual time perspectives, the developmental implications for time perspectives, consumer profiles, and well-being, as well as limitations.     

Charting New Terrain in Work Design: A Study of Hybrid Work Characteristics

Research on work design to date has focused on work characteristics associated primarily with one of three domains—task, social, or contextual. The present paper introduces a new concept—hybrid work characteristics—that refer to work characteristics which are not fully captured within any one of the three domains but possess features from more than one domain. We identify boundarylessness, multitasking, non-work-related interruptions, and demand for constant learning as hybrid work characteristics in the modern work environment. Furthermore, we theorise that boundarylessness, multitasking, and demand for constant learning carry both enriching and depleting potential, but non-work-related interruptions have only depleting potential. In our study, we developed instruments to assess the four work characteristics and tested their relationship with jobholders’ job satisfaction, occupational commitment, emotional exhaustion, and somatic health symptoms, through three independent studies (a total of 968 employees across a wide range of jobs). The results demonstrated convergent, predictive, and discriminant validity for the newly developed scales, and showed partial support for the prediction that boundarylessness and multitasking are beneficial as well as detrimental for jobholders and consistent support for the depleting potential inherent in non-work-related interruptions. We conclude with a discussion of how our exploration of hybrid work characteristics contributes to research on work design and management practices.     

哈瓦利吉派与伊斯兰教义学

人们传统上认为穆尔泰齐赖派的兴起是伊斯兰教义学的开端,伊斯兰教历史上的第一批教义学家出自穆尔泰齐赖派。作者认为,正式拉开伊斯兰教义学探讨帷幕的是哈瓦利吉派,最早的伊斯兰教义学家也来自哈瓦利吉派,其对伊斯兰教义学的发展贡献甚巨,值得重视。     

如何认识和对待马克思主义宗教观

如何认识和对待马克思主义宗教观,是宗教问题上一个关系到能否正确回答胡锦涛总书记提出的"什么是马克思主义、怎样对待马克思主义"的大问题。本文认为:正确回答"什么是马克思主义宗教观、怎样对待马克思主义宗教观"的大问题,必须坚持马克思主义宗教观的本质和特性,即坚持马克思主义宗教观的科学无神论本质,坚持马克思主义宗教观作为历史唯物主义宗教观、科学社会主义宗教观、一脉相承又与时俱进的宗教观、中国共产党的宗教观、社会主义核心价值体系的组成部分和理论基础等基本特性,否则很容易走到"打着马列主义旗号反对马列主义"的邪路上去。     

外层空间探索利用中的角色冲突与道德抉择

人在一定道德意识支配下的道德抉择往往需要在价值冲突中进行,外层空间探索利用中的价值冲突本质上是由国家利益与人类共同利益发生冲突而引发的.本文针对外空探索利用中的政治家、科学家及其共同体、航天员及太空产业运营商等不同主体,剖析了其在面对不同角色冲突时的道德抉择困惑.     

口述历史与近当代中国佛教研究

将口述历史与近当代中国佛教研究相结合,并非近年的创举。就口述历史的方法论优势而言,此一结合却未受到学界的足够重视。本文在简要辨析"口述历史""口述史料"概念,以及口述史学自身利弊的基础上,批判性地回顾了现有佛教口述史料及其在佛教研究中的应用。将口述历史运用到近当代佛教研究中固有一定局限,若能克服困难,却无疑将在横向描述和纵向诠释、微观研究和宏观探讨层面发挥其优势,从而为我们带来不可或缺的新史料、新问题和新观念。     

国内外药品不合理使用的类型、程度及原因分析

不合理用药是在全世界所有国家都存在的问题,已经日益引起各国关注,导致不合理用药主要原因是药品供需双方面的.本文通过文献分析,综述了国内外合理用药促进措施以及目前开展的关于不合理用药的研究,从供需双方分析了不合理用药的类型,程度以及其影响因素.     

Investigating the actor effect in moral emotion expectancies across cultures: A comparison of Chinese and Canadian adolescents

The study investigated adolescents' moral emotion expectancies for actions versus inactions across cultures (Chinese vs. Canadian) and different moral rule contexts (rules that prohibit antisocial behaviour vs. rules that prescribe prosocial actions) while controlling for judgements of obligatoriness of moral actions. The sample consisted of 372 teenagers from three grade levels (7–8, 10–11, and 1st–2nd year university). Participants were provided with scenarios depicting moral and immoral actions of self or others. Moral emotion expectancies were assessed following each scenario by asking participants to rate the intensity of various emotions they anticipate for themselves in the given situation. Actions were related to stronger self‐evaluative and other‐evaluative moral emotion expectancies than inactions in both cultures. Whereas perceived obligatoriness of moral actions was associated with moral emotion expectancies, it did not account for the actor effect. Moreover, Chinese adolescents tended to report stronger negatively charged other‐evaluative emotions when observing others engaging in antisocial behaviour and less positive emotions for moral actions. Overall, the study indicates that moral emotion expectancies hinge upon universal moral principles (as exemplified by the actor effect) that interact with cultural values and individuals' moral judgement in complex ways.