Response styles in factual items: Personal,contextual and cultural correlates

This study investigated response styles in factual items and explored their associations with personal, contextual and cultural factors. Responses on various factual questions, cognitive tests and interviewers' observational data from a total of 152,514 respondents in 22 countries in the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) were analysed. Indexes of extreme, midpoint and acquiescent response styles were extracted from Likert‐scale and dichotomous responses of factual items. A general response style (GRS) with a positive loading of extreme response style and negative loadings of midpoint and acquiescent response styles was confirmed. This factor showed a similar cross‐cultural patterning as another general factor from attitudinal and self‐evaluative items of Likert scales in a previous study, which indicated the pervasiveness of response styles irrespective of types of survey items. In a multilevel analysis, the individual‐level GRS was found to be negatively related to being male, educational level and literacy competency, and positively related to 3rd‐person presence and background noise, and at country level negatively associated with socioeconomic development. Cross‐level interactions were also found. Implications on the pervasiveness and nature of response styles are discussed.     

Employee-sharing and consumers' brand attitudes during COVID-19: A CSR perspective

The rapid proliferation of COVID-19 has dealt a heavy blow to many companies. Under these circumstances, employee-sharing has become a valuable strategy to help enterprises resume work and production. Based on the event system theory, we explored the impact of employee-sharing event strength on consumers' brand attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic through a corporate social responsibility (CSR) lens. Also, we verified that employee-sharing event strength during the COVID-19 pandemic positively affected consumers' internal (ICSR) and external (ECSR) perceptions of enterprises, improving consumers' brand attitudes and validating the positive moderating effect of customer-company identification. Thus, this study provides theoretical insights and managerial implications for CSR.     

高等医学院校综合性通识课程内容的构建

21世纪是通识教育与专业教育逐步走向综合的世纪,而综合性通识课程内容的构建则是通识课程改革的关键。为了有助于我国医学院校构建综合性通识课程,通过对不同国家和地区综合性通识课程内容的组织、设计和实施的分析,探讨了高等医学院校综合性通识课程内容的构建。     

增殖和凋亡的单独与联合检测对垂体瘤侵袭性诊断的价值

垂体瘤是颅内常见的良性肿瘤,但却存在着较高的复发率.Jefferson于1940年提出侵袭性垂体腺瘤的概念,认为这部分垂体腺瘤的生物学行为介于良性垂体瘤和垂体癌之间.随后人们从分子生物学、病理学等多个角度对侵袭性腺瘤的发病机制进行了探讨,以期寻找到特异性的侵袭性指标.众所周知,细胞增殖能力的增强和凋亡的抑制是导致肿瘤恶性生物学行为的重要机制.但对垂体瘤的研究却发现有为数不少的侵袭性垂体腺瘤并不呈现高细胞增殖状态,而凋亡的研究则更是出现了不同甚至相反的结果,那到底是什么原因导致了侵袭性的形成呢?本文从细胞增殖和凋亡各自的临床意义以及其联合检测的角度探讨侵袭性的确切机制.     

方位和视空间工作记忆广度对空间情境模型更新的影响

该研究采用混合实验设计,以含有空间信息的语篇为实验材料,选取32名不同视空间工作记忆广度的大学生作为被试,考察方位和视空间工作记忆广度对空间情境模型更新的影响。研究发现:方位对空间情境模型更新的影响是显著的,视空间工作记忆广度对模型更新后的左右方位的判断有显著影响。研究验证了方位效应的稳定性,发现了视空间工作记忆广度对空间情境模型更新的影响。     

"体用"范式下的近现代伦理启蒙

“体”和“用”是中国哲学特有的范畴。“体”、“用”对举而形成一种思维范式,具有包括伦理在内的多重理论内涵。近代以来,在西方文明的冲击下,如何处理伦理传统与西学的关系是一个无可回避的根本问题。在这一背景下,体用范式风行一时,相继表现为三种主要的理论形态:“中学为体,西学为用”、“自由为体,民主为用”、“精神为体,文化为用”,从而成为伦理启蒙、思想进步的重要载体与理论工具。     

“除黑先生”险遭杀身之祸

"除黑"是封建社会遗留下来的丧葬陋俗,"除黑先生"就是以为死者超度亡魂为业的人。改革开放后,许多农民手中有了余钱,有些人由于受     

听写困难儿童在笔画加工中的整体干扰效应

听写困难是指儿童阅读正常而听写落后的现象,是一种常见的儿童学习障碍类型。听写困难儿童的字形表征缺陷可能来源于局部字形加工中的整体干扰。分别从整体字形干扰和整体语音干扰两个角度来考察听写困难儿童在笔画加工中的整体干扰机制。整体字形干扰研究表明,笔画加工过程受到整体字形的干扰,这种干扰发生在所有儿童身上,但对听写困难儿童的干扰效应更为明显;整体语音干扰研究表明,在笔画加工过程中,正常儿童受到整体语音的显著干扰,而听写困难儿童并未受到整体语音的干扰。综合整体字形干扰和整体语音干扰的结果,提出听写困难儿童的整体字形加工能力缺陷假说和笔画的视觉加工模式假说,究竟哪一种假说更为合理,还有待进一步研究     

地方治理视野中的政策执行:退耕还林政策案例研究

随着改革开放的深入和社会经济环境的转变,环境保护和生态保持已经成为中国中央政府的工作重心.如何确保地方政府有效执行中央的环保政策成为了当前公共行政领域的热点与难点.政策执行文献指出通过建立相关政治制度和行政机制,如人事任命和绩效评估,可以有效的约束地方政府及官员行为,从而确保中央政策(尤其是经济发展政策)的执行,但这些研究未能充分的解释地方官员环保执行领域的激励与约束机制.而地方治理理论指出通过引入政府外力量到政策过程中可以有效的提升政府环境保护和生态保持的绩效.本文基于治理理论,以退耕还林政策为案例,探讨环保政策执行中的地方治理问题.