The effect of color (red versus blue) on assimilation versus contrast in prime-to-behavior effects

This paper examines whether color can modify the way that primed constructs affect behavior. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that, compared to the color white, blue is more likely to lead to assimilative shifts in behavior, whereas red is more likely to lead to contrastive changes in behavior. In our experiment, previous findings were replicated in the white color condition: participants’ behavior assimilated to primed stereotypes of (un)intelligence and contrasted away from primed exemplars of (un)intelligence. However, in the blue color condition, participants’ behavior assimilated to the primed constructs, whereas in the red color condition, participants’ behavior contrasted away from the primed constructs, irrespective of whether the primed constructs were stereotypes or exemplars.     

Antecedents of team potency and team effectiveness: an examination of goal and process clarity and servant leadership

Integrating theories of self-regulation with team and leadership literatures, this study investigated goal and process clarity and servant leadership as 3 antecedents of team potency and subsequent team effectiveness, operationalized as team performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Our sample of 304 employees represented 71 teams in 5 banks. Results showed that team-level goal and process clarity as well as team servant leadership served as 3 antecedents of team potency and subsequent team performance and team organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, we found that servant leadership moderated the relationships between both goal and process clarity and team potency, such that the positive relationships between both goal and process clarity and team potency were stronger in the presence of servant leadership.     

Parent-Child Engagement in Decision Making and the Development of Adolescent Affective Decision Capacity and Binge Drinking

The goal of this study was to investigate how parents’ engagement of their child in everyday decision-making influenced their adolescent’s development on two neuropsychological functions, namely, affective decision-making and working memory, and its effect on adolescent binge-drinking behavior.We conducted a longitudinal study of 192 Chinese adolescents. In 10th grade, the adolescents were tested for their affective decision-making ability using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and working memory capacity using the Self-ordered Pointing Test (SOPT). Questionnaires were used to assess perceived parent-child engagement in decision-making, academic performance and drinking behavior. At one-year follow-up, the same neuropsychological tasks and questionnaires were repeated.Results indicate that working memory and academic performance were uninfluenced by parent-child engagement in decision-making. However, compared to adolescents whose parents made solitary decisions for them, adolescents engaged in everyday decision-making showed significant improvement on affective decision capacity and significantly less binge-drinking one year later.These findings suggest that parental engagement of children in everyday decision-making might foster the development of neurocognitive functioning relative to affective decision-making and reduce adolescent substance use behaviors.     

论虚拟生存

关于人的生存问题研究,人们比较一致的观点认为,它是阐释马克思哲学的一个重要维度。如果把生存论的研究放到由于网络技术的发展而生成的网络时代这一语境下进行思考的话,我们便会发现,一种与人的现实生存不同的虚拟生存,正在演化为人类在当代的一种崭新的生存方式,并要求我们从马克思主义哲学的角度来展开对其有意义的解答。一当代人生存方式的虚拟性对人的生存问题的追问,通常是在人的生存活动方式的意义上来进行的,它关心的是在特定条件下人生存的具体表现,涉及到人怎样生存或者生存样式是怎样的等问题。所以,人们也经常在生存方式或存在…     

从“有关人类的原理”到“超自然力”

(说明:文中格林的观点代表着神学家们的企图,他从“有关人类的原则”最后引出了“超自然力”,成为其为终极问题的答案,就是要论证世间秩序与自然规律符合上帝的安排设计,而作者是针对他的论点通过反证和举例,以及假设进行了批评和质疑。)     

3～5岁儿童概念比较过程研究

本研究以两个实验探讨了儿童的一个认知过程:人优先考虑共同性,其次才是组合差异性与非组合差异性。3~5岁三个年龄组儿童分别对日常生活的基本概念进行类似性判断与差异性判断。实验1的结果表明,3岁年龄组的儿童还没有表现出组合差异性,4岁年龄组的儿童初步表现出明显的组合差异性,5岁年龄组的儿童表现出明显的组合差异性。他们首先考虑共同性,其次才是组合差异性与非组合差异性。实验2的结果表明,5岁儿童比4岁儿童更多地表现了组合差异性的判断能力。最后以结构组合的观点讨论了这些结果。     

《企业管理者管理自我效能感问卷》的编制

该研究旨在编制适合我国企业状况的《管理者管理自我效能感问卷》(enterprise intendant managementself-efficacy questionnaire,EIMSEQ)。在初测的基础上,通过探索性因素分析确定了构成该问卷的8个维度。然后,得到了一个包含8个维度共64个项目的《管理者管理自我效能感问卷》。在天津市六家国有企业中,利用该问卷调查了475名中层管理者。数据分析表明,该问卷具有很好的信度和效度。     

危机应对策略对消费者矛盾态度和购买意愿的影响

采用2×2两因素被试间实验设计探讨初始矛盾态度及危机应对策略对消费者矛盾态度和购买意愿的影响。结果表明:当消费者初始矛盾态度水平较低时更可能受辩解策略的影响,从而使其负面态度和矛盾态度下降; 当消费者初始矛盾态度水平较高时更可能受和解策略的影响,从而使其负面态度和矛盾态度下降; 正面态度/负面态度可以显著正向/负向预测消费者的购买意愿,矛盾态度在其中起调节作用,即矛盾态度水平越高,正面/负面态度与购买意愿之间关系的不确定性越高。     

大鼠脑反复缺血致不可逆性学习记忆障碍的研究

大鼠全脑反复缺血后产生不可逆性学习记忆障碍的研究,采用４血管阻断的方法,脑反复缺血再灌流,然后长期饲养。作水迷宫试验和跳台试验,结果显示缺血后出现了显著的、不可逆的学习记忆障碍。同时用放射免疫方法测定了额叶、颞叶、纹状体、丘脑、海马、Ｍｅｙｎｅｒｔ氏核中胆碱递质和ＡＶＰ,发现ＡＣｈ、ＣｈＡＴ、ＡＶＰ含量显著下降。下降的时间、幅度一致,变化呈正相关。ＡＣｈ、ＣｈＡＴ、ＡＶＰ是与学习、记忆密切相关的神经递质和神经肽。因而推断脑缺血后出现不可逆性学习记忆障碍与多脑区内ＡＣｈ、ＣｈＡＴ、ＡＶＰ含量显著下降有关。这对探讨临床上血管性痴呆发病机理进而开发有效的防治药物有重要意义。     

Are transitions in human gait determined by mechanical,kinetic or energetic factors?

It is currently unclear whether it is the need to maintain metabolic efficiency, the need to keep skeletal loading below critical force levels, or simple mechanical factors that drive the walk-to-run (W-R) and run-to-walk (R-W) transitions in human gait. Eighteen adults (9 males and 9 females) locomoted on an instrumented treadmill using their preferred gait. Each completed 2 ascending (W-R) and 2 descending (R-W) series of trials under three levels of loading (0%, 15% and 30% body weight). For each trial, participants locomoted for 60 s at each of 9 different speeds--4 speeds both above and below their preferred transition speed (PTS) plus their PTS. Evidence was sought for critical levels of key kinetic (maximum vertical force, impulse, first peak force, time to first peak force and maximum loading rate), energetic (oxygen consumption, transport cost) and mechanical variables (limb lengths, strength) predictive of the gait transition. Analyses suggested the kinetic variables of time to first peak force and loading rate as the most likely determinants of the W-R and R-W transitions.