A postcolonial Pannenberg? Mimicry,the law,and the cross of love

This paper employs the postcolonial concepts of mimicry and hybridity to interpret Wolfhart Pannenberg's understanding of the violence done to Jesus on the cross and the subversive reconciliatory love that it engenders. According to Pannenberg, although the man Jesus was crucified as blasphemer of the Jewish law, the resurrection vindicated Jesus so that the ones accusing Jesus were retroactively deemed to be the actual blasphemers. As a result, Jesus ended up dying not for his own alleged breaking of the law, but as an inclusive substitute for all blasphemers of God (through amour propre) deserving death. Thus, the resurrection confirmed Jesus’ divine identity and his earthly teaching that love supersedes and transforms the law. Applying the concept of mimicry to Pannenberg, on the cross the symbolic and semiotic are held together in tension for in mimicry the “not-quite sameness” menaces the colonizer. The cross, ostensibly a symbolic sign of abjection, is mimicked by the suffering of Jesus and subverted through a practice of inclusive semiotic love which recapitulates sinful human life toward a life of transformed autonomy. Pannenberg displays a pseudo postcolonial understanding of subverting oppressive law into love. However, on account of his futurist ontology, the eschatological totality is underscored relative to formative experiences, leaving him vulnerable to postcolonial critiques of essentialism, which can reinscribe colonialism. I contend that Pannenberg employs a strategy of “strategic particularism” in which concepts such as mimicry and hybridity are helpful as hermeneutical tools but ultimately provisional and temporary relative to the whole.     

Measuring Religiosity of East Asians: Multiple Religious Belonging,Believing, and Practicing

Social surveys normally assume that respondents adhere to a single religious faith in belonging, believing, and practicing congruently. Some surveys even take religious identity as the singular measure of religiosity and examine its relationship with other variables. This practice, however, fails to capture nonexclusive and hybrid religiosity, which is arguably the traditional and normal pattern in East Asia while becoming increasingly common in the West. We have developed a new set of survey questions and conducted a survey among East Asian international students at an American university. The findings show that multiple religious belonging, believing, and practicing are quite common, the level of believing and participating in religions varies substantially, and no confession-based single measure of religious identity or practice is sufficient for measuring religiosity. We recommend this set of improved measures of religiosity be adopted in future surveys in East Asia and probably in the West as well.     

Cross-cultural Differences in Self-reported Decision-making Style and Confidence

The Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (Mann, Burnett, Radford, & Ford, 1997) measures self-reported decision-making coping patterns. The questionnaire was administered to samples of University students in the US (N = 475), Australia (N = 262), New Zealand (N = 260), Japan (N = 359), Hong Kong (N = 281), and Taiwan (N = 414). As predicted, students from the three Western, individualistic cultures (US, Australia, and New Zealand) were more confident of their decision-making ability than students from the three East Asian, group-oriented cultures (Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan). No cross-cultural differences were found in scores on decision vigilance (a careful decision-making style). However, compared with Western students, the Asian students tended to score higher on buck-passing and procrastination (avoidant styles of decision making) as well as hypervigilance (a panicky style of decision making). Japanese students scored lowest on decision self-esteem and highest on procrastination and hypervigilance. It was argued that the conflict model and its attendant coping patterns is relevant for describing and comparing decision making in both Western and Asian cultures.     

Beyond Distributive Justice: The Reasonableness Norm in Chinese Reward Allocation

Western theorists have generally construed reward allocation as mainly a rational action by the notion that allocation decision-making is based solely on people's justice concern. We argued that reward allocation, as a social act taking place in a specific social-situational context, is influenced both by some social interactive factors such as the relationship and social interactions between the participants, and by the pervasive social norms governing people's conduct in a particular society. This study aimed at examining the influence of two such factors, guanxi (equivalent to relationship) and renqing (equivalent to human affect), on Chinese allocation decision-making under a distributive situation. We hypothesized that Chinese allocators would base their decision not only on their judgment of the participants' contributions but also on their guanxi with the participant. Specifically, we predicted that the emphasis on guanxi and renqing would be manifested in the Chinese allocator's employment of the reasonableness norm dictating that both reason ( li ) and affect ( qing ) are considered in making allocation decisions. To test this hypothesis, we adopted the scenario approach and asked subjects to hypothetically allocate a reward to one of six guanxi partners. The 228 participants were divided into six groups; in each group they were instructed to do the allocation based on one of the five norms respectively: fairness ( he li ), renqing , equity ( gong zheng ), "ought to," reasonableness ( he qing he li ), and to indicate what they "would" allocate. The findings confirmed that the reasonableness norm was the one which subjects adopted in reward allocation. The results were discussed in the context of Chinese culture.     

雏鸡左眼视剥夺不同时程后记忆形成过程与脑内Jun样蛋白表达差异的研究

本实验采用一次性味觉厌恶回避学习,研究２日龄雏鸡左眼视剥夺２４小时后的记忆形成过程,并与左眼视剥夺２小时后的记忆形成过程进行比较,同时利用免疫组化技术,观察并比较单眼视剥夺不同时程及单眼学习后Ｊｕｎ样蛋白在雏鸡脑内不同区域（ＨＶ和ＬＰＯ）的表达。结果表明：１．视剥夺左眼２４小时后对雏鸡的短时记忆、中时记忆和长时记忆均无明显影响,但中时记忆保持水平略低于双眼学习条件下的中时记忆保持水平。这与视剥夺２     

内源性和外源性视觉空间选择注意

以内源性和外源性注意选择为主题,空间选择性注意的控制性加工和自动加工过程成为近年来研究的一个活跃领域,特别是自动化加工过程,取得了一些新的实验证据：对其形成的机制提出了一些理论;提出了选择注意自动化和控制之间关系的理论框架。本文介绍了有关的实验研究和理论模型。     

幼儿气质与母亲教养方式的选择

采用ＴＴＱ儿童气质问卷、母亲教养方式问卷和访谈法,对３－５岁３２２名幼儿气质及其母亲教养方式进行调查,探求幼儿气质对母亲教养方式的影响,以提高母亲对其子女教养水平和有效性。研究结果表明：幼儿气质是影响母亲教养方式的重要因素,其作用不同。１．容易引发母亲良好的教养方式的积极气质因素,如较高的适应性、积极乐观的心境、较高的注意持久性;２．容易引发母亲不良的教养方式的消极气质因素,如高反应强度、高活动性     

假设检验思维策略的发展研究

运用自编的一个关于规则发现的计算机程序,研究了小学生、中学生和大学生解决问题过程中的形成假设、设计实验、实验检验三个阶段上的“假设－检验”思维策略。结果发现,小学生的假设检验能力比较低,中学生的水平有了明显的发展,中小学阶段是培养儿童科学发现的假设检验能力的关键期。     

对三维心理旋转操作任务特性的效应的初步研究

在认知心理学领域,对心理旋转的研究主要是以反应时范式为基础。本研究试图突破反应时范式,把心理测量学和实验的方法相结合,以现代测量理论——项目反应理论的项目参数（如项目难度、区分度、猜测参数）为指标,对心理旋转测验中,操作任务的若干特性对测验项目特性的影响进行研究,结果发现：对于以Ｓｈｅｐａｒｄ三维旋转材料编制的心理旋转测验、测验材料的复杂程度,标准图形和匹配图形的角度差,以及匹配图形的编排位置等对测验项目的诸特性均无显著影响。     

内隐和外显记忆的发展研究

采用Buchner等人（1995）提出的加工分离范式的修正模型,对内隐和外显记忆进行分离。结果表明：内隐记忆水平随年龄的变化不大．而外显记忆水平在12岁左右达到高峰;内隐记忆与外显记忆均不具有性别差异。