GKT原理的卡片测试范式实验研究

研究设计了三种包含不同说谎和认知成分的回答方式,以无意义字母串为刺激材料,以60名被试为对象检验GKT对犯罪嫌疑人的识别是基于认知还是说谎反应.研究结果表明:(1)仅包含认知成分的"重复"回答方式条件下,GKT能够区分关键信息和控制信息,表明认知成分存在于GKT测谎模式的运作机制中.(2)包含相同认知成分、不同说谎成分的回答方式条件下,GKT对知道关键信息的"犯罪"者的反应判定准确性不同:"不是…"回答方式下反应判定的准确性最高.重复回答方式下的判定准确性最低,由此证实说谎成分存在于GKT机制中.(3)仅包含认知成分的回答方式反应判定准确性最低,说谎成分的加入显著提高判定准确率.说谎成分与认知成分在GKT原理中的比重尚需进一步探索.     

积极心理健康的内涵解析

学术界一般把积极心理学视野下的心理健康称为积极心理健康,它是当代心理健康相关学科发展的一个潮流.积极心理健康认为消除或摆脱了各种心理问题的人并不一定就意味着心理健康,心理健康还意味着正向力量或积极品质的产生与增加,因此,心理健康相关学科在研究人的各种心理问题的同时,也应该花相同精力或时间去研究人的积极力量和积极品质.在研究思路上,积极心理健康也表现出了一个非常明显的新特点,强调心理健康研究要从以关注个体总的心理状态为主的研究思路转向于以关注个体内差异为主的研究思路.     

社会价值取向与反馈对动态社会两难决策的影响：以水资源两难决策为例

以水资源两难情景为实验任务,探讨了社会价值取向与反馈在社会两难决策中的作用.结果表明: (1)社会价值取向在决策者的两难决策行为中起着非常重要的作用.合作型个体比非合作型个体显著地表现出更多的合作行为.个体的社会价值取向可以作为预测两难决策行为的一个重要因素: (2)不同的反馈类型对具有不同社会价值取向的决策者的决策行为影响不同.非合作型个体受反馈信息影响比较明显,而合作型个体则不易受他人的决策信息影响.     

河湟地区伊斯兰教"海乙"制的历史变迁

在西北伊斯兰教的研究中,学术界往往注重门宦制度的研究,而忽略了对"海乙"制度的研究,就是涉及该问题的有关研究也存在主观的、片面的看法,缺乏客观性.本文在现有的资料的基础上,根据已有的学术成果和新发现的资料,结合多年来在河湟地区的观察、调查和感受,对河湟一代伊斯兰教中的"海乙"制的形成、发展、变迁、影响等方面作一个初步的探讨,以期引起学术界对此问题研究的关注.     

《管子》治国思想的渊源探析

《管子》的治国思想强调以人为本、注重人性,礼法并用、德刑并重,发展经济、农商并重,为历代君王将相和学者所尊崇和探究。文章立足于《管子》成书的时间和空间因素,从周公和姜太公两者的治国思想探讨了《管子》治国思想的渊源,以期从历史的角度更好地理解《管子》的治国思想。     

Initial psychometric properties of the experiences questionnaire: validation of a self-report measure of decentering

Decentering is defined as the ability to observe one's thoughts and feelings as temporary, objective events in the mind, as opposed to reflections of the self that are necessarily true. The Experiences Questionnaire (EQ) was designed to measure both decentering and rumination but has not been empirically validated. The current study investigated the factor structure of the EQ in both undergraduate and clinical populations. A single, unifactorial decentering construct emerged using 2 undergraduate samples. The convergent and discriminant validity of this decentering factor was demonstrated in negative relationships with measures of depression symptoms, depressive rumination, experiential avoidance, and emotion regulation. Finally, the factor structure of the EQ was replicated in a clinical sample of individuals in remission from depression, and the decentering factor evidenced a negative relationship to concurrent levels of depression symptoms. Findings from this series of studies offer initial support for the EQ as a measure of decentering.     

Assessing the multidimensional and hierarchical structure of SERVQUAL

Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry introduced SERVQUAL in 1998 as a scale to measure service quality. Since then, researchers have proposed several variations. This study examines the development of the tool. Marketing researchers have first challenged the conceptualization of a perceptions-expectations gap and have concluded that the performance-based measures are adequate to capture consumers' perception of service quality. Some researchers have argued that the five dimensions of the SERVQUAL scale only focus on the process of service delivery and have extended the SERVQUAL scale into six dimensions by including the service outcome dimension. Others have proposed that service quality is a multilevel construct and should be measured accordingly. From a sample of 467 undergraduate students data on service quality toward up-scale restaurants were collected. Using the structural equation approach, two measurement models of service quality were compared, the extended SERVQUAL model and the restructured multilevel SERVQUAL model. Analysis suggested that the latter model fits the data better than the extended one.     

Satisfaction and psychological well-being as antecedents of organisational commitment

Satisfaction and psychological well-being as antecedents of organisational commitment. The role of organisational commitment in public administration and its repercussions on the institution are examined in this study. It reports part of a larger research project that studies job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being as antecedents of organisational commitment. Data were collected from 697 public-sector employees, using questionnaires. Results showed that job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being were strong predictors of organisational commitment. Higher levels of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being were associated with more favourable perceptions of organisational commitment. Furthermore, this study highlights the impact of dynamic work on the employee's commitment.     

Purchase and Consumption Habits: Not Necessarily What You Intend

Purchase and consumption behaviors in daily life often are repetitive and performed in customary places, leading consumers to develop habits. When habits have formed, environmental cues can activate the practiced responses in the absence of conscious decision making. This research tested these ideas using a longitudinal design. We predicted that regardless of their explicit intentions, consumers would repeat habits to purchase fast food, watch TV news, and take the bus. The results yielded the anticipated pattern in which participants repeated habitual behaviors even if they reported intentions to do otherwise. Intentions only guided behavior in the absence of strong habits. This study ruled out a number of artifactual accounts for these findings including that they arise from the level of abstraction at which intentions are identified, the certainty with which participants held intentions, a restriction of range in the measures, and the strategy participants used to estimate frequency of past performance.     

The ameliorating effect of oroxylin A on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice

Oroxylin A is a flavonoid and was originally isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi., one of the most important medicinal herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorating effects of oroxylin A on memory impairment using the passive avoidance test, the Y-maze test, and the Morris water maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by administering scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Oroxylin A (5 mg/kg) significantly reversed cognitive impairments in mice by passive avoidance and the Y-maze testing (P<.05). Oroxylin A also improved escape latencies in training trials and increased swimming times and distances within the target zone of the Morris water maze (P<.05). Moreover, the ameliorating effects of oroxylin A were antagonized by both muscimol and diazepam (0.25 mg/kg, i.p., respectively), which are GABA(A) receptor agonists. Furthermore, oroxylin A (100 microM) was found to inhibit GABA-induced inward Cl(-) current in a single cortical neuron. These results suggest that oroxylin A may be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairments induced by cholinergic dysfunction via the GABAergic nervous system.