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151.
Ji LJ 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2008,34(5):613-622
Chinese and Canadian children were compared to examine cultural and developmental differences in lay theories of change: implicit beliefs about how the world develops and changes over time. Chinese and Canadian children (ages 7, 9, and 11 years) made predictions about future performance, relationships, happiness, and parental incomes based on a series of scenarios. Overall, the Chinese children predicted greater change than did the Canadian children, indicating that they believed more in change than did the Canadians. Moreover, cultural differences increased significantly with age: In comparison with their Canadian counterparts, Chinese children made no more change predictions at age 7, made slightly more change predictions at age 9, and made significantly more change predictions at age 11. This was true for questions starting with an extremely positive or negative state and those starting with a neutral state. Reasons for cultural and developmental differences were discussed. 相似文献
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Jiří Hanika 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2008,37(2):121-140
We investigate the interactions of formula complexity in weak set theories with the axioms available there. In particular,
we show that swapping bounded and unbounded quantification preserves formula complexity in presence of the axiom of foundation
weakened to an arbitrary set base, while it does not if the axiom of foundation is further weakened to a proper class base.
More attention is being paid to the necessary axioms employed in the positive results, than to the combinatorial strength
of the positive results themselves. 相似文献
156.
Jeffrey N. Rouder Francis Tuerlinckx Paul Speckman Jun Lu Pablo Gomez 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2008,15(6):1201-1208
Understanding how response time (RT) changes with manipulations has been critical in distinguishing among theories in cognition.
It is well known that aggregating data distorts functional relationships (e.g., Estes, 1956). Less well appreciated is a second
pitfall: Minimizing squared errors (i.e., OLS regression) also distorts estimated functional forms with RT data. We discuss
three properties of RT that should be modeled for accurate analysis and, on the basis of these three properties, provide a
hierarchical Weibull regression model for regressing RT onto covariates. Hierarchical regression model analysis of lexical
decision task data reveals that RT decreases as a power function of word frequency with the scale of RT decreasing 11% for
every doubling of word frequency. A detailed discussion of the model and analysis techniques are presented as archived materials
and may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
157.
Recent studies demonstrate that context-specific memory retrieval after extinction requires the hippocampus. However, the contribution of hippocampal subfields to the context-dependent expression of extinction is not known. In the present experiments, we examined the roles of areas CA1 and CA3 of the dorsal hippocampus in the context specificity of extinction. After pairing an auditory conditional stimulus (CS) with an aversive footshock (unconditional stimulus or US), rats received extinction sessions in which the CS was presented without the US. In Experiment 1, pretraining neurotoxic lesions in either CA1 or CA3 eliminated the context dependence of extinguished fear. In Experiment 2, lesions of CA1 or CA3 were made after extinction training. In this case, only CA1 lesions impaired the context dependence of extinction. Collectively, these results reveal that both hippocampal areas CA1 and CA3 contribute to the acquisition of context-dependent extinction, but that only area CA1 is required for contextual memory retrieval. 相似文献
158.
Lu L 《The Journal of social psychology》2008,148(3):347-373
The author proposes a bicultural self theory for contemporary Chinese individuals, encompassing 2 main components: the individual-oriented self and the social-oriented self. The social orientation is rooted in traditional Chinese conceptualization of the self, whereas the individual orientation has evolved and developed under Western influences along with recent societal modernization. The author conducted a series of 5 studies to test the theory and relate the model to important issues in current personality and social psychological research, such as cultural individualism-collectivism, self-construals, motivation, cognition, emotion, and well-being. A total of 977 university students in Taiwan participated. The author found that contrasting self-aspects were differentially associated with the aforementioned constructs, as theoretically predicted. This evidence thus generally supported the bicultural self model. 相似文献
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医疗价格过度增长的管制原因分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
医疗服务的准公共产品特征说明医疗价格问题不能完全由市场来解决,政府必须对医疗价格进行管制。造成医疗价格高昂的原因是多样的和复杂的,基于对医疗价格的政府管制现状分析,认为对医疗价格的管制不善,是导致中国高昂医疗价格的原因之一,并且提出了对医疗价格进行管制的制度框架。 相似文献