仪式的意义--宋代学者论礼的起源与内涵

宋代学者在哲学层面重新阐发了礼的历史根源和价值根基。首先,礼是为满足人的生存和发展的需要而产生的,心性本体是礼的内在根源,礼是心性本体的外在形式。其次,礼的内涵有着三个层面：天理本体,天理的表现形式,人类社会全部规范的总合。     

高校教师生活压力的研究

本研究采用因素分析法研究了广东高校教师的生活压力。结果表明 ,高校教师的生活压力来自家庭生活、发展提高、人际关系、工作性质、工作冲突以及兴趣和满意感等 6个方面     

3～4岁儿童攻击行为发展的追踪研究

对163名幼儿园小班儿童进行追踪观察,考察3-4岁期间儿童攻击行为的特点、发展模式及稳定性。主要获得以下结果：儿童最普遍的攻击形式是身体攻击．言语攻击和间接攻击的发生率较低;大多数攻击行为属于主动性攻击和工具性攻击;男孩的攻击行为总体上多于女孩．但女孩的间接攻击多于男孩;儿童的攻击性在3-4岁之间无显著变化,但敌意性攻击存在随年龄增长而增加的趋势;3-4岁儿童攻击性的个别差异已具有明显的稳定性。     

青少年的个人未来发展目标和担忧

目标和担忧是个体关于未来的心理表征,对个体日常指向未来的行为具有引导作用。采用青少年未来取向问卷中文版调查了近2000名初中、高中和大学青少年,结果发现,青少年的目标和对未来的担忧反映了青少年期的主要发展任务,同时它们又因被试的年龄、性别、城乡背景以及思考内容领域的不同而表现出不同的特点。     

试论营养支持在中晚期癌症患者治疗中的理性选择

几乎所有中晚期癌症患者治疗中都会或多或少应用到临床营养支持治疗,适时、正确地应用对部分中晚期患者极具积极意义,而选择性地对一部分晚期患者有限应用甚至放弃,可能是更为理性的选择。从癌的本质出发,科学地应用营养不良筛选及评定方法,使临床营养支持治疗成为中晚期癌症患者的真正需要。     

成人后期日常能力自评与操作水平的横断比较

采用自我评估与纸笔操作相结合的方法 ,对 2 3 3名 55至 74岁的成人后期被试完成七项日常活动的能力进行横断比较。结果表明 :自评能力与操作能力既存在一定的一致性 ,也存在相当大的差异性 ,各活动项目上的自评水平比操作水平要高 ;操作水平表现出随年龄增长而下降的趋势 ,从 70岁开始下降最为明显 ,而自评水平未呈现出这种变化特点 ;不同活动领域上的操作水平存在不同的发展轨迹 ;在少数活动领域具有显著的性别差异     

孔子的和谐意识及其现代价值

在中国传统文化中,和谐是一种不散的精神,孔子又是“和”理念的集大成者。他在如何处理人与人、人与社会、人与自然及个人身心关系方面都有一些独到的见解。对孔子思想中的和谐意识进行认真地梳理、审视,自觉汲取其精华,对于我们构建社会主义和谐社会,无疑具有重要的启迪和借鉴意义。     

“言”说

世上大学问多的是,但作为人的第一件大事就是要学会说话;善于用语言来表达自己的思想和观点。会不会与人沟通交流,除与环境和对象有关以外,关键一点在于自己是否有言谈,会辩的技巧;这种技巧主要体现在表达的能力上。常言道:会说话的人不抢着讲,不会讲话的人争着说。其实这一来说明自己态度不谦虚、没礼貌;二来说明个人的表现欲很强;三者说明没有表达涵养。太上爷曰:“知者不言,言者不知。”有智谋的人遇事沉稳,并不急于表现自己;同时说明夸夸其谈只不过是“纸上谈兵”、故弄玄虚、卖弄自己而已;空话一大堆,只会招来别人的厌恶、心烦。进一步…     

Training-induced and electrically induced potentiation in the neocortex

Long-term potentiation (LTP) shares many properties with memory and is currently the most popular laboratory model of memory. Although it has not been proven that memory is based on an LTP-like mechanism, there is evidence that learning a motor skill can induce LTP-like effects. This evidence was obtained in a slice-preparation experiment, which precluded within-animal comparisons before and after training. In the present experiments, Long-Evans rats were unilaterally trained to acquire a forelimb reaching and grasping skill. Evoked potentials were found to be larger in motor cortex layer II/III in the trained, compared to the untrained, hemisphere in slice, acute, and chronic preparations. Consistent with previous research, the trained hemisphere was less amenable to subsequent LTP induction. Furthermore, the application of either LTP- or LTD-inducing stimulation during the training phase of the reaching task disrupted the acquisition of the skill, providing further evidence that memory may be based on an LTP mechanism.     

Is it culture or is it language? Examination of language effects in cross-cultural research on categorization

Differences in reasoning styles between Chinese and European Americans held even when controlling for the language of testing. Bilingual Chinese organized objects in a more relational and less categorical way than European Americans, whether tested in English or in Chinese. Thus, culture affects categorization independent of the testing language. Nevertheless, language affected some Chinese bilinguals' categorization. The responses of Chinese from the Mainland and Taiwan were more relational when tested in Chinese than when tested in English. Responses of Chinese from Hong Kong and Singapore were equally relational when tested in Chinese and in English. Age and context of learning English are discussed to explain the differential language effects among different Chinese groups. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.