仪表显示器的照度、对比度、色饱和度对检察速度的影响

本文通过心理物理实验,从工程心理学角度,提出了仪表显示器的照度水平、对比度、色饱和度是相互关联的。它们是保证监盘工检察速度的重要目视条件。文章最后提供了仪表显示器的最佳照度、对比度、色饱和度等参数,可作为仪表显示器和电厂控制室室内设计的参考标准。     

单眼和双眼特定的McCollough效应及倾斜后效的消退过程

每个被试对互补的联合方位的图形适应后均产生单眼特定和双眼特定的McCollough效应。双眼的起始强度大于单眼的起始强度。单眼和双眼的McCollough效应的消退速度基本相同。在自然视觉条件下McCollough效应消退快,在完全黑暗的条件下没有明显的消退。说明导致McCollough效应恢复平衡的主要因素不是自发的过程,而与网膜刺激有关。倾斜知觉后效的消退在上述两种实验条件下没有明显的差别,因此可推测倾斜知觉后效的消退主要是神经疲劳的一个自发的恢复过程。     

中国人眼光谱相对视亮度函数的研究

问 题 人眼对光谱各波长的灵敏度,是产生一种阈限反应或主观相等亮度所需要的辐射能量的倒数。它们原称光谱视亮度,现在我们称之为光谱相对视亮度。即使是等能光谱,各波长引起的相对视亮度也很不相同。具体测量时除绝对阈限法外,一般常用匹配法:使人眼将不同波长的光谱色光分别和一个固定强度的白色标准光作亮度匹配,达     

Culture, control, and perception of relationships in the environment

East Asian cognition has been held to be relatively holistic; that is, attention is paid to the field as a whole. Western cognition, in contrast, has been held to be object focused and control oriented. In this study East Asians (mostly Chinese) and Americans were compared on detection of covariation and field dependence. The results showed the following: (a) Chinese participants reported stronger association between events, were more responsive to differences in covariation, and were more confident about their covariation judgments; (b) these cultural differences disappeared when participants believed they had some control over the covariation judgment task; (c) American participants made fewer mistakes on the Rod-and-Frame Test, indicating that they were less field dependent; (d) American performance and confidence, but not that of Asians, increased when participants were given manual control of the test. Possible origins of the perceptual differences are discussed.     

Leader–follower risk orientation incongruence,intellectual stimulation,and creativity: A configurational approach

Prior work suggests that follower and leader risk orientation is positively associated with follower creativity. We suggest that this view is oversimplified and propose that follower creativity can be stimulated when leader and follower have diverging risk orientations. We, therefore, apply a configurational approach to creativity, evaluating varying combinations of leader and follower risk orientation on follower creativity. Across two field studies, we demonstrate that (a) follower creativity increases as leaders’ and followers’ risk orientations become more discrepant (i.e., incongruent); (b) follower creativity is higher when leader–follower dyads are congruent at moderate levels of risk orientation compared to congruence at the extremes (i.e., low and high levels); (c) follower‐experienced intellectual stimulation mediates the relationship between leader–follower risk orientation incongruence and congruence and follower creativity; and (d) that leader authority openness moderates the indirect effect of leader–follower risk orientation incongruence on creativity via follower‐experienced intellectual stimulation. Theoretical and practical implications specific to creativity and leader–follower relationships are discussed.     

程序公正作用机制中的调节变量

程序公正是指用于决定分配的过程是否公正。回顾近年来程序公正作用机制的相关理论以及实证研究结果发现, 对程序公正的效果起调节作用的主要有四类因素, 分别为情景因素、个体特征因素、分配结果因素以及领导者因素。今后该主题的研究应进一步关注发言权效应的跨文化验证、探索本土化程序公正原则、进一步考察情景变量的调节效应、加强领导者因素的研究、结合分配公正进行研究, 并应加强程序公正的应用性研究。     

多元动机网格测验（MMG-S）中文版的修订报告

对Sokolowski等人编制的简版多元动机网格测验（MMG-S）作了中文版的修订。MMG-S的验证性因素分析表明：中文修订版MMG-S仍保持英文版的六因子结构,修订后六因子的α系数在0.70~0.84之间。中文修订版MMG-S具有良好的心理学测量指标,可用于测量企业管理人员的三种社会性动机。     

内隐记忆中的神经机制研究方法

知觉启动与语义启动神经机制的研究是内隐记忆神经机制研究的两条重要途径。本文介绍了内隐记忆神经机制的研究途径之一：知觉启动神经机制的研究进展情况,并对研究中存在的问题及解决方法提出建议。