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191.
Optimism across cultures: In response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Li-Jun Ji Zhiyong Zhang Esther Usborne Yanjun Guan 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2004,7(1):25-34
Based on our early research, we predicted that the Chinese may be more optimistic and less pessimistic than North Americans in response to negative life events. A survey was conducted to investigate optimism cross culturally in the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks in Canada and China. Chinese students in Beijing and European Canadians in Toronto answered questions about their perceptions of SARS. No significant cultural difference was found on dispositional optimism, as measured by the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Unrealistic optimism was measured in the context of SARS. Both groups demonstrated unrealistic optimism (i.e. reporting that the self was less likely than an average person to get infected with SARS). Such optimistic bias was stronger among Chinese than among Canadians. Compared to the actual infection rates in Beijing and Toronto, both Chinese and Canadian participants overestimated their own chances of getting infected, indicating that they were being pessimistic. Indeed, Chinese were less pessimistic than Canadians. In addition, even though the Chinese reported more inconvenience brought by SARS than did Canadians, they also reported more positive changes brought by SARS, reflecting the Chinese dialectical views of events. Implications for research on optimism in context are discussed. 相似文献
192.
分部评分模型与其它几种多级模型的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
项目反应理论(IRT)是当前教育与心理测量领域的一个重大进展,也日益成为当今测验领域的一个热点。本文对IRT理论中的二个重要评分模型PCM与GPCM作了简要的介绍。并较详细地对PCM与GPCM模型的逻辑结构及其适用范围进行了论述,指出了它们与其它几种重要模型之间的关系及不同之处。 相似文献
193.
对惯用语理解的发展 ,是儿童语言发展的重要方面。本研究结果表明 ,在无语境条件下 ,中小学生对惯用语的理解年级差异显著 ,小学生和中学生差异较大 ,而小学和中学各年级内部差异不显著。学生对惯用语是先理解字面意义 ,再理解比喻意义。在有语境条件下 ,不同年级学生对惯用语的理解差异显著 ,惯用语语义倾向性的影响不显著 ,但语境对学生惯用语理解有重要影响 ,高年级学生能更好地利用语境。 相似文献
194.
195.
国际疾病分类(ICD)是目前国际公认的卫生信息标准分类,但是由于我国的ICD分类工作开展的时间还不是很长,推广还不够广泛和深入,目前我国应用ICD分类还存在很多问题,ICD分类质量有待进一步提高和完善,加强临床医师的ICD分类知识培训和编码人员的专业培训及责任心教育是提高ICD分类质量的重要途径。 相似文献
196.
Li Li Chunqing Lin Guoping Ji Stephanie Sun Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):93-101
In China, HIV shifts the lifestyle of not only parents living with HIV/AIDS, but also their children, partners, and extended
families. We examined factors related to the quality of life of parents living with HIV and the relation between family functioning
and individual quality of life. Interviews were conducted with a total of 116 parents living with HIV/AIDS. Analyses of variance,
Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relation between family functioning and
quality of life. We found a significant association between family functioning and individual quality of life for parents
living with HIV. In particular, family sociability had a strong relationship with the quality of life of parents living with
HIV. Parents living with HIV from families where both parents are HIV-positive reported a lower level of family sociability
than those from families with only one HIV-positive parent. HIV disclosure, family sociability, and number of children per
family were found to be significant predictors of overall quality of life for the population. Study findings underscore the
importance of developing interventions that improve family functioning for people living with HIV/AIDS in China. 相似文献
197.
198.
The same isochronous tone sequence was presented simultaneously to two mutually isolated subjects. In half the trials, accentuation in this sequence was accomplished by doubling the duration of the first and then of every fourth tone; in the other half, by doubling the frequency of those tones. The subjects’ task was to follow the rhythm of the resulting four-tone patterns by finger tapping to tone onsets. There were four auditory feedback (FB) conditions: (1) no FB; (2) FB from the subject’s own motor responses; (3) “alien” FB from the motor responses of the other pair member who, in turn, was listening to FB from his/her own tapping; (4) mutually “crossed” FB, where each pair member listened to FB from the tapping of the other. Tap onsets regularly preceded stimulus onsets. The observed order of the amount of this anticipation (from least to greatest) was: (1) own FB, (2) no FB, (3) alien FB, and (4) crossed FB. No mutual dynamic influence between simultaneously performing subjects was-detected. Anticipation was more pronounced for sequences that were accentuated by frequency rather than by duration changes. The type of accent also influenced timing of intertap intervals in the rhythmic patterns. For the frequency accent, regular timing was produced, whereas for the durational accent, shortening of the second and lengthening of the fourth (the last) intertap interval were observed. The presence and source of feedback as well as the character of accentuation are therefore relevant factors in the timing of auditorally controlled rhythmic motor behavior. 相似文献
199.
i
dem Ka
itibai 《International journal of psychology》1991,26(5):649-664
Decreasing infant mortality is taken up as a demographic phenomenon which constitutes one aspect of a broader conceptualization of “Global Change”. At the root of the global environmental problems faced today is the population issue. With sharp increases in the rates of infant and child survival, the question of what happens to those who survive assumes greater importance. With new policy shifts focusing on early childhood care and development, psychologists' expertise is now being called upon. Psychological knowledge is required especially in the cross-culturally valid conceptualization and assessment of human development. When made applicable to large numbers of children and parents, such knowledge can be used for detection and screening of risk cases and for establishing the environmental factors promoting psychosocial development. 相似文献
200.
Branislav R. Boričić 《Studia Logica》1986,45(1):39-53
The logic of the weak law of excluded middleKC
p
is obtained by adding the formula A A as an axiom scheme to Heyting's intuitionistic logicH
p
. A cut-free sequent calculus for this logic is given. As the consequences of the cut-elimination theorem, we get the decidability of the propositional part of this calculus, its separability, equality of the negationless fragments ofKC
p
andH
p
, interpolation theorems and so on. From the proof-theoretical point of view, the formulation presented in this paper makes clearer the relations betweenKC
p
,H
p
, and the classical logic. In the end, an interpretation of classical propositional logic in the propositional part ofKC
p
is given. 相似文献