哲学思想为医学生创新思维提供启思与导向

创新能力与哲学素养直接相关,创新思维是哲学素养的运用和拓展。目前,医学思维能力培养中存在极大限制医学生想象力和创造力的问题,一是受权威迷信的束缚,二是受传统思维框架的束缚。基于此现状,本研究探讨培养医学生创新思维能力应采取的对策与措施,体现了哲学思想对医学生创新思维的启思与导向作用。     

公共选择中的公正与效率——公共支出隐含的一个悖论

公共支出的决定程序、运用与来源以及内在的价值取向上,都存在着公正与效率的矛盾,这无疑会影响到公共支出对经济增长的拉动作用.若要兼顾公正与效率以及调和公共支出内在的逻辑矛盾,便需要确定更有效的标准和选择合适的规则,降低交易成本和信息不时称的程度,以更透明的程序和更兼顾社会民众的方式,实现由功能财政向公共财政和民主财政的转变,以此提高积极财政政策的作用效率.     

Executive Resources and Item-Context Binding: Exploring the Influence of Concurrent Inhibition,Updating, and Shifting Tasks on Context Memory

Previous research has demonstrated that context memory performance decreases as a result of cognitive load. However, the role of specific executive resources availability has not been specified yet. In a dual-task experiment, participants performed three kinds of concurrent task engaging: inhibition, updating, or shifting operations. In comparison with a no-load single-task condition, a significant decrease in item and context memory was observed, regardless of the kind of executive task. When executive load conditions were compared with non-specific cognitive load conditions, a significant interference effect was observed in the case of the inhibition task. The inhibition process appears to be an aspect of executive control, which relies on the same resource as item-context binding does, especially when binding refers to associations retrieved from long-term memory.     

正负效价面部表情图片加工的差异

为探讨正负效价面部表情图片识别的差异,采用独立呈现范式呈现正负效价面部表情图片,控制呈现时间和提示线索位置,并利用眼动仪记录识别过程中的眼动指标。结果发现:(1)在识别速度和正确率上,加工积极面部表情图片高于加工消极面部表情图片,显示出积极表情优势。(2)呈现时间没有改变正负效价表情图片加工之间的差异。(3)存在提示线索位置效应,即提示线索在嘴部有利于面部表情识别。(4)面部表情识别遵循"眼部-嘴部-眼部"的规律。结果提示不同性质面部表情的加工机制不同,加工深度作用小于线索作用。     

Vision and Mission Statement in Christian Higher Educational Management in Eastern Africa

For the past two decades, Syrio-Palestine/biblical archaeology is known to have gradually disappeared from American colleges. Nonetheless, this issue has rarely been studied and addressed using quantitative and empirical data. In this paper, the past and present of Syrio-Palestine/biblical archaeology in American colleges are diagnosed by examining the archaeology curricula in American colleges. This study indicates that although it may not be moribund, Syrio-Palestine/biblical archaeology is invisible in many colleges. This paper also shows that Syrio-Palestine/biblical archaeology has been traditionally part of biblical studies in the United States, and it may continue to be so in the future. Hence, one potential avenue to revive Syrio-Palestine/biblical archaeology seems to lie in the integrative approach to archaeology and biblical studies.     

Integrating the Differentiated: A Review of the Personal Construct Approach to Cognitive Complexity

This article reviews personal construct psychology (PCP) research on cognitive complexity. It examines conceptual foundations, measures of cognitive complexity, and a large body of empirical findings. It identifies several ambiguities in the conceptualization of the two components of cognitive complexity: differentiation and integration. These ambiguities lead to inconsistent interpretations of indexes proposed for their measurement and consequently to an inconsistent interpretation of empirical findings. The review of empirical studies identifies many valuable findings that are, however, quite fragmented. After reviewing the relevant cognitive complexity literature, suggestions for future research are discussed. In accordance with PCP's organization corollary, two different types of integration that have different relationships to the component of differentiation are identified that enable researchers to consistently distinguish various types of construing in terms of cognitive complexity and to formulate hypotheses that are open to empirical testing.     

Changes in boundary extension effect during spatial confinement

Changes in perception during space missions are usually attributed to microgravity. However, additional factors, such as spatial confinement, may contribute to changes in perception. We tested changes in scene perception using a boundary extension (BE) paradigm during a 105-day Earth-based space-simulation study. In addition to the close-up/wide-angle views used in BE, we presented two types of scenes based on the distance from the observer (proximal/distant scenes). In crew members (n = 6), we found that BE partly increased over time, but the size of BE error did not change in the control group (n = 22). We propose that this effect is caused by an increasing BE effect in stimuli that depict distant scenes and is related to spatial confinement. The results might be important for other situations of spatial confinement with restricted visual depth (e.g., submarine crew, patients confined to a bed). Generally, we found a larger BE effect in proximal scenes compared with the distant scenes. We also demonstrated that with no feedback, subjects preserve the level of the BE effect during repeated measurements.     

鼓室注射类固醇激素治疗难治性突发性感音神经性聋方法的比较与分析

目前对于难治性突发性感音神经性聋治疗的临床研究主要为鼓室内局部激素的使用。本文通过检索国内报道的相关文献,采用比较治疗学的原理对其疗效及安全性进行比较和分析,旨在寻求一种较为有效、安全的鼓室给药方法,为临床治疗决策提供有效的证据,以提高难治性突聋的治疗效果。