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781.
White JA McKinney BC John MC Powers PA Kamp TJ Murphy GG 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2008,15(1):1-5
To determine whether L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs) are required for remote memory consolidation, we generated conditional knockout mice in which the L-VGCC isoform Ca(V)1.2 was postnatally deleted in the hippocampus and cortex. In the Morris water maze, both Ca(V)1.2 conditional knockout mice (Ca(V)1.2(cKO)) and control littermates displayed a marked decrease in escape latencies and performed equally well on probe trials administered during training. In distinct contrast to their performance during training, Ca(V)1.2(cKO) mice exhibited significant impairments in spatial memory when examined 30 d after training, suggesting that Ca(V)1.2 plays a critical role in consolidation of remote spatial memories. 相似文献
782.
Subjects who make repetitive saccadic eye movements before a memory test subsequently exhibit superior retrieval in comparison
with subjects who do not move their eyes. It has been proposed that eye movements enhance retrieval by increasing interaction
of the left and right cerebral hemispheres. To test this, we compared the effect of eye movements on subsequent recall (Experiment
1) and recognition (Experiment 2) in two groups thought to differ in baseline degree of hemispheric interaction—individuals
who are strongly right-handed (SR) and individuals who are not (nSR). For SR subjects, who naturally may experience less hemispheric
interaction than nSR subjects, eye movements enhanced retrieval. In contrast, depending on the measure, eye movements were
either inconsequential or even detrimental for nSR subjects. These results partially support the hemispheric interaction account,
but demand an amendment to explain the harmful effects of eye movements for nSR individuals. 相似文献
783.
Jessica L. Willis 《Sexuality & culture》2008,12(4):240-256
Historical approaches to girlhood provide a basis for understanding changing cultural ideologies of sex, sexuality, and youth.
While situating sexual desire, biological possibilities, and social responses to girls’ engagement in sexual intercourse at
the center of its plot, the film Juno depicts the transgressive sexual agency of a young girl without substantially disrupting longstanding discourses of femininity.
Through an analysis of the semiotics of girlhood within the film, I argue that the girl figure in this representation signifies
an amalgam of two traditionally dichotomized conceptions of “femininity.” Juno serves as a particularly intriguing example
of the ways in which adolescent female sexuality is conceptualized within popular western culture during the early part of
the 21st century.
相似文献
Jessica L. WillisEmail: |
784.
The development of speech perception during the 1st year reflects increasing attunement to native language features, but the mechanisms underlying this development are not completely understood. One previous study linked reductions in nonnative speech discrimination to performance on nonlinguistic tasks, whereas other studies have shown associations between speech perception and vocabulary growth. The present study examined relationships among these abilities in 11-month-old infants using a conditioned head-turn test of native and nonnative speech sound discrimination, nonlinguistic object-retrieval tasks requiring attention and inhibitory control, and the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (L. Fenson et al., 1993). Native speech discrimination was positively linked to receptive vocabulary size but not to the cognitive control tasks, whereas nonnative speech discrimination was negatively linked to cognitive control scores but not to vocabulary size. Speech discrimination, vocabulary size, and cognitive control scores were not associated with more general cognitive measures. These results suggest specific relationships between domain-general inhibitory control processes and the ability to ignore variation in speech that is irrelevant to the native language and between the development of native language speech perception and vocabulary. 相似文献
785.
The present study investigated variables that moderated the relationship between role ambiguity and self-efficacy. Results of a field study found support for the moderating role of learning goal orientation, such that the relationship between role ambiguity and self-efficacy was weaker when learning goal orientation was high. In addition, we found that procedural justice moderated the role ambiguity—self-efficacy relationship, such that the relationship was stronger when procedural justice was high. However, contrary to our prediction, avoiding goal orientation did not interact with role ambiguity to predict self-efficacy. Implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed. 相似文献
786.
According to a dynamic theory of learning, how a new memory is formed depends on the stability of the nearest preexisting memories. To predict retention after practice, the authors analyzed how 15 participants memorized 2 bimanual coordination patterns (45 degrees or 135 degrees relative phase). The authors assessed (a) how participants memorized the required patterns with learning and (b) how the associated memory layout evolved. Results showed that a practiced 45 degrees pattern near a very stable memory (0 degrees ) persisted, whereas a 135 degrees pattern near a less stable memory (180 degrees ) was forgotten. Those findings corroborate the proposition that retention of coordination patterns depends on the stability of the extant motor memories. The authors discuss that proposal in terms of the coevolution of accuracy and stability with learning to predict persistence of required or false memories. 相似文献
787.
Small DM Simons AD Yovanoff P Silva SG Lewis CC Murakami JL March J 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(7):1015-1028
Patterns and correlates of comorbidity, as well as differences in manifest depressive profiles were investigated in a sample
of depressed adolescents. A sub-sample of the youth were characterized as belonging to either a Pure depression group, an Internalizing group (depression and co-occurring internalizing disorders), or an Externalizing group (depression and co-occurring externalizing disorders). Item response theory (IRT) and differential item functioning
(DIF) were used to assess whether the depressed adolescents from the different comorbidity groups presented with different
depressive symptoms. Results indicated that the comorbidity groups were meaningfully distinct in terms of psychosocial correlates
as well as showed differences in depressive symptom profiles as informed by DIF analyses. In particular, the comorbidity groups
differed in terms of presentation of psychomotor changes and cognitive impairments. Implications for assessment are discussed.
相似文献
David Marc SmallEmail: |
788.
Two experiments investigated the mechanism by which listeners adjust their interpretation of accented speech that is similar to a regional dialect of American English. Only a subset of the vowels of English (the front vowels) were shifted during adaptation, which consisted of listening to a 20-min segment of the "Wizard of Oz." Compared to a baseline (unadapted) condition, listeners showed significant adaptation to the accented speech, as indexed by increased word judgments on a lexical decision task. Adaptation also generalized to test words that had not been presented in the accented passage but that contained the shifted vowels. A control experiment showed that the adaptation effect was specific to the direction of the shift in the vowel space and not to a general relaxation of the criterion for what constitutes a good exemplar of the accented vowel category. Taken together, these results provide evidence for a context-specific vowel adaptation mechanism that enables a listener to adjust to the dialect of a particular talker. 相似文献
789.
Farah MJ Betancourt L Shera DM Savage JH Giannetta JM Brodsky NL Malmud EK Hurt H 《Developmental science》2008,11(5):793-801
The effects of environmental stimulation and parental nurturance on brain development have been studied extensively in animals. Much less is known about the relations between childhood experience and cognitive development in humans. Using a longitudinally collected data set with ecologically valid in-home measures of childhood experience and later in-laboratory behavioral measures of cognitive ability, we were able to test hypotheses concerning the effects of environmental stimulation and parental nurturance. A double dissociation was found: On the one hand, there was a selective relation between parental nurturance and memory development, consistent with the animal literature on maternal buffering of stress hormone effects on hippocampal development. On the other hand, there was a selective relation between environmental stimulation and language development. The relevance of these findings to socioeconomic gradients in cognitive ability is discussed. 相似文献
790.