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171.
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Infants aged 3-5 months (mean of approximately 4 months) were given a novel anticipatory looking task to test object permanence understanding. They were trained to expect an experimenter to retrieve an object from behind a transparent screen upon hearing a cue ("Doors up, here comes the hand"). The experimenter then hid the object behind one of two opaque screens and after either 2 or 8s gave the "doors up" cue. Infants looked to the correct location after the two-second delay, but not after the eight-second delay. This indicates a brief memory that the object is present behind the occluder. The study provides converging evidence that infants grasp object permanence by a young age. The novel anticipatory looking paradigm helps rule out counter-explanations applied to violation-of-expectation tasks. 相似文献
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175.
This article examines how between-individual comparisons influence performance evaluations in rating tasks. The authors demonstrated a systematic change in the perceived difference across ratees as a result of changing the way performance information is expressed. Study 1 found that perceived performance difference between 2 individuals was greater when their objective performance levels were presented with small numbers (e.g., absence rates of 2% vs. 5%) than when they were presented with large numbers (e.g., attendance rates of 98% vs. 95%). Extending this finding to situations involving trade-offs between multiple performance attributes across ratees, Study 2 showed that the relative preference for 1 ratee over another actually reversed when the presentation format of the performance information changed. The authors draw upon prospect theory to offer a theoretical framework describing the between-individual comparison aspect of performance evaluation. 相似文献
176.
Eva?M.?EpsteinEmail author Denise?M.?Sloan 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2005,35(4):317-330
There is a wealth of data indicating the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.
However, the best evidence indicates a treatment success rate of 50%. The purpose of this paper is to briefly describe cognitive
behavioral treatment of bulimia nervosa and to offer suggestions on how this therapy approach may be tailored to best serve
the needs of individual clients. Such tailoring should ultimately lead to even greater treatment success. 相似文献
177.
Thomas?W.?MillerEmail author Robert?F.?Kraus Chelsea?A.?York 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2005,35(4):347-357
Health-focused psychotherapy offers a contemporary model used in assessment, treatment planning and evaluation in addressing
patients with both medical and psychiatric diagnoses. Clinicians in the health and mental health disciplines must know and
understand the importance of standards of care and models of intervention and evaluation in clinical practice for this type
of patient. Examined is the use of a specific model providing a tailored orientation to patient education, along with the
development and use of a clinical algorithm and care pathway for clinical practice. Provided is a case study for applying
the development and use of a clinical algorithm and care pathway for a dual diagnosed patient receiving health-focused psychotherapy. 相似文献
178.
A review of the debate on the Empirically Supported Treatment Program is presented. It is argued that underlying the specifics of the debate are fundamentally incompatible paradigms: a meaning vs. a medical model. The findings from two gold standard multi-site studies are reviewed to conclude that the control condition meets requirements for an empirically supported treatment. The empirical finding of the failure of clinical training to improve treatment outcomes is explained by the focus on rational factors in training. It is recommended that training of therapists focus on enhancing experiential capacity rather than mastery of manualized treatment approaches. 相似文献
179.
Geoffrey?T.?HutchinsonEmail author Benjamin?P.?Chapman 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2005,35(2):145-155
Viktor Frankls Logotherapy and Albert Elliss Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) are at seemingly opposite ends of the psychotherapeutic spectrum. However, a close review of the assumptions and philosophy of each school of therapy reveals that these two systems are compatible. We propose that a Logotherapy-enhanced REBT can increase human achievement and happiness by balancing the individual discovery of meaning with the pursuit of reason. This integrated and enhanced therapy will help human beings participate in positive life experiences and take greater responsibility for change. Fruitful and beneficial aspects of a Logotherapy enhanced-REBT are explored with respect to cognitions, emotions, and the reduction of rumination. Conclusions are drawn, limitations are discussed, and future recommendations are outlined. 相似文献
180.
An assortment of factors in modern society can be involved in the etiology and treatment of mental illness. Theories about
etiology usually underlie, and therefore guide, most strategies for treatment. Although a comprehensive bio-psycho-social
approach to mental illness can help to foster the collaboration of an interdisciplinary treatment team, a heavy emphasis on
biological factors or cultural deprivation may reduce the client's feelings of personal responsibility for change. Contemporary
psychotherapy can help clients reduce their tendency to attribute blame to biological predispositions or external societal
factors. Instead, it is more helpful to cultivate attributions for personal responsibility for change, growth, and maturation. 相似文献