Matthew K. Nock PhD  Robert J. Ursano MD  Steven G. Heeringa PhD  Murray B. Stein MD  MPH  Sonia Jain PhD  Rema Raman PhD  Xiaoying Sun MS  Wai Tat Chiu AM  Lisa J. Colpe PhD  MPH  Carol S. Fullerton PhD  Stephen E. Gilman ScD  Irving Hwang MA  James A. Naifeh PhD  Anthony J. Rosellini PhD  Nancy A. Sampson BA  Michael Schoenbaum PhD  Alan M. Zaslavsky PhD  Ronald C. Kessler PhD  the Army STARRS Collaborators 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2015,45(5):588-599

We examined the associations between mental disorders and suicidal behavior (ideation, plans, and attempts) among new soldiers using data from the New Soldier Study (NSS) component of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS; N = 38,507). Most new soldiers with a pre‐enlistment history of suicide attempt reported a prior mental disorder (59.0%). Each disorder examined was associated with increased odds of suicidal behavior (ORs = 2.6–8.6). Only PTSD and disorders characterized by irritability and impulsive/aggressive behavior (i.e., bipolar disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder) predicted unplanned attempts among ideators. Mental disorders are important predictors of pre‐enlistment suicidal behavior among new soldiers and should figure prominently in suicide screening and prevention efforts.  相似文献   

    

Jesse Aaron Brinson 《The Journal of Humanistic Counseling》1996,34(4):195-206

The author discusses the importance of cultural sensitivity when counseling members of racial and ethnic minorities, focusing primarily on racial identity development and worldviews. Questions are provided for consideration when examining one's degree of cultural sensitivity.  相似文献   

    

Stanley Sacks Ph.D.  Charles M. Cleland Ph.D.  Gerald Melnick Ph.D.  Patrick M. Flynn Ph.D.  Kevin Knight Ph.D.  Peter D. Friedmann M.D.  M.P.H.  Michael L. Prendergast Ph.D.  Carrie Coen MA 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2009,27(1):51-69

The present study examines the relationship between substance use, mental health problems, and violence in a sample of offenders released from prison and referred to substance abuse treatment programs. Data from 34 sites (n = 1,349) in a federally funded cooperative, the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJDATS), were analyzed. Among parolees referred to substance abuse treatment, self‐reports for the six‐month period before the arrest resulting in their incarceration revealed frequent problems with both substance use and mental health. For most offenders with substance use problems, the quantity of alcohol consumed and the frequency of drug use were associated with a greater probability of self‐reported violence. Mental health problems were not indicative of increases in violent behavior, with the exception of antisocial personality problems, which were associated with violence. The paper emphasizes the importance of providing substance abuse treatment in relation to violent behavior among offenders with mental health problems being discharged to the community. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Krista M. Malott 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2009,87(2):179-185

Using a qualitative approach, the author explored the process of ethnic label selection, change, and the meaning assigned to ethnic labels. Ten women of Mexican descent participated in semistructured, in‐depth interviews. Phenomenological analysis of the data revealed several themes, including the importance of family, ancestral traditions, and cultural traits; label as identity; and labels as complex and dynamic. Factors that influenced label choice, meaning, and change; implications for counselors and counselor educators; and limitations and suggestions for future research were addressed.  相似文献   

    

Elizabeth M. Z. Farmer  H. Ryan Wagner  Barbara J. Burns  Jesse T. Richards 《Journal of child and family studies》2003,12(1):11-25

We examined Treatment Foster Care (TFC) in residential trajectories for youth with psychiatric disorders and aggressive behavior. We analyzed residential placements of a statewide sample of youth during the 12 months preceding and following admission to TFC. Prior to TFC, the majority of youth were residing in more restrictive settings (group homes or residential treatment). Two-thirds of youth remained in TFC throughout the follow-up year. Of those who left, nearly half returned home, and slightly fewer were discharged to group homes. By the end of the 12-month follow-up period, rates of group home use were similar to those seen in the pre-TFC period. Movement out of TFC during the year was associated with being older at placement and with increased problem behavior (particularly externalizing behaviors). TFC serves as a step-down placement for a substantial number of youth. However, this is not the only way it is used, and models based on short-term transitioning or reunification with families may not be widely implemented or relevant in practice. Additional research is needed to understand current functions of TFC in residential trajectories and to maximize its utility in systems of care.  相似文献   

    

Stephanie D. Stepp PhD  Jennifer Q. Morse PhD  Kirsten E. Yaggi MSW  Sarah K. Reynolds PhD  L. Ian Reed MA  Paul A. Pilkonis PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2008,38(5):592-607

The relationships among adult attachment styles, interpersonal problems, and categories of suicide‐related behaviors (i.e., self‐harm, suicide attempts, and their co‐occurrence) were examined in a predominantly psychiatric sample (N = 406). Both anxious and avoidant attachment styles were associated with interpersonal problems. In turn, specific interpersonal problems differentially mediated the relations between attachment style and type of suicide‐related behaviors. These findings suggest the importance of distinguishing between these groups of behaviors in terms of etiological pathways, maintenance processes, and treatment interventions.  相似文献   

    

Jesse L. Loudin  Alexandra Loukas  Sheri Robinson 《Aggressive behavior》2003,29(5):430-439

This study examined the unique contributions of social anxiety and empathy to relational aggression in 300 19–to–25–year–old (M=21.25; SD=1.32) male (n=97) and female (n=203) college students using hierarchical linear regression analysis. The interactive relations between gender and social anxiety, and between gender and empathy, were also assessed. In addition to the gender and overt aggression covariates, fear of negative evaluation and perspective taking were unique predictors of relational aggression. Males, students who were more overtly aggressive, and those who reported greater fear of negative evaluation were more relationally aggressive than were peers. Students with higher levels of perspective taking reported using less relational aggression than did peers. A gender x empathetic concern interaction indicated that for males only, lower levels of empathetic concern were associated with higher levels of relational aggression. Results are discussed within a social information‐processing perspective. Aggr. Behav. 29:430–439, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

    

Glenn IM  Dallery J 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2007,40(1):1-13

Nicotine replacement products are commonly used to promote smoking cessation, but alternative and complementary methods may increase cessation rates. The current experiment compared the short-term effects of a transdermal nicotine patch to voucher-based reinforcement of smoking abstinence on cigarette smoking. Fourteen heavy smokers (7 men and 7 women) completed the four 5-day phases of the study: baseline, patch treatment, voucher treatment, and return to baseline. The order of the two treatment phases was counterbalanced across participants. In the patch treatment condition, participants wore a 14-mg transdermal nicotine patch every day. In the voucher treatment condition, participants received vouchers contingent on abstinence from smoking, defined as producing carbon monoxide (CO) readings of < or =4 parts per million. Participants e-mailed two video clips per day showing them breathing into a CO monitor and the resulting CO reading to clinic staff. In the voucher treatment, 24% of samples were negative, and 5% of samples were negative in the patch treatment. Results suggest that contingent vouchers were more effective than transdermal nicotine patches in promoting abstinence.  相似文献   

    

Jesse Renaud  Keith S. Dobson  Martin Drapeau 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2014,14(1):42-47

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Benjamin I. Joffe  Ryan J. Van Lieshout MD  PhD  FRCP  Laura Duncan MA  Michael H. Boyle PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2014,44(5):497-509

The prevalence of suicidal ideation/behavior in 1983 or 1987 and its association with future mental health in 2001 were evaluated in a provincially representative sample of Canadian adolescents (n = 1,248) aged 12 to 16 years. Approximately 13.3% (95% CI = 11.5–15.3) of adolescents self‐reported suicidal ideation/behavior. Adolescent agreement with parent (κ = .07) and teacher (κ = .05) reports at baseline was low because adults identified so few subjects. In adulthood, the associations between adolescent self‐reports of suicidal behavior/ideation and major depression and other mental health indicators were explained by respondent sex and adolescent emotional problems reported in 1983/1987. Adolescents with suicidal behavior/ideation often are not recognized by their parents and teachers and may be at risk for persistent psychiatric problems attributable to coexisting mental health problems early‐on.  相似文献