A visually induced illusion of body tilt in a horizontal plane

Unexpected spontaneous reports of an illusion of body orientation have been observed in previous studies on the effects of a tilted overhead frame on supine observers. The present studies were designed in an attempt to describe and measure this illusion. The findings suggest that when objectively aligned with invisible side walls of the room, some subjects may experience an illusion that they are tilted in a horizontal plane with respect to the room walls in the direction opposite to frame tilt from the longitudinal body axes. The results are discussed in terms of a model of visual-vestibular interactions.     

Paradoxes of social consciousness under socialism

Born in 1943. Professor of philosophy at the University of Poznan, together with Jerzy Kmita continued the work of Jerzy Giedymin in the Poznan School of a Marxian methodology of science (idealizational theory of science, categorial theory of dialectics, humanistic interpretation, and since the rise of the Solidarity movement the theory of non-Marxian historical materialism). Editor ofPoznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities (Rodopi, Amsterdam) and author of numerous articles and monographs.     

Defining traits differently for self and others

Identical trait labels may be understood differently in thinking about self and in thinking about others. Specifically, when making self-judgments, individuals define traits primarily in terms of unobservable manifestations, e.g., how one feels. However, in making other-judgments, particularly in making judgments about relatively unfamiliar others, individuals define traits primarily in terms of observable manifestations, e.g., how one looks. This prediction was tested in three experiments (Exp. 1: N = 96, Polish undergraduates including 19 men, 77 women; Exp. 2: N = 96, U.S. undergraduates including 18 men, 78 women; Exp. 3: N = 74, Polish undergraduates including 18 men, 56 women). Participants were asked to perform a generic trait judgment task followed by a specific trait judgment task in which the same traits were preceded by a qualifier "feels" or "looks". As expected, in the case of self-judgments, generic judgments predicted feels judgments better than looks judgments. This pattern did not occur for judgments of others and was reversed for judgments about others who were relatively unfamiliar.     

A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Triple P-Positive Parenting Program Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling: Effectiveness and Moderating Variables

A meta-analysis encompassing all studies evaluating the impact of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program on parent and child outcome measures was conducted in an effort to identify variables that moderate the program's effectiveness. Hierarchical linear models (HLM) with three levels of data were employed to analyze effect sizes. The results (N = 55 studies) indicate that Triple P causes positive changes in parenting skills, child problem behavior and parental well-being in the small to moderate range, varying as a function of the intensity of the intervention. The most salient findings of variables moderating the interventions' impact were larger effects found on parent report as compared to observational measures and more improvement associated with more intensive formats and initially more distressed families. Sample characteristics (e.g., child's age, being a boy) and methodological features (e.g., study quality) exhibited different degrees of predictive power. The analysis clearly identified several strengths of the Triple P system, most importantly its ability to effect meaningful improvement in parents and children. Some limitations pertain to the small evidence-base of certain formats of Triple P and the lack of follow-up data beyond 3 years after the intervention. Many of the present findings may be relevant to other evidence-based parenting programs.