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111.
112.
Diane Pecher Jeroen G. W. Raaijmakers 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2004,57(7):1211-1231
In four experiments we investigated the context-dependent nature of semantic memory by looking at priming effects in animacy decision for newly formed associations. The first experiment investigated whether the priming effect depended on the nature of the prior relation between the word pairs. The results showed no such effect, replicating earlier findings. Experiments 2, 3, and 4 investigated the role of context overlap between study and test. In Experiment 2 priming for new associations was found only for word pairs that had been presented in the animacy decision task during study. Experiment 3 showed that in order to obtain priming effects for new associations these associations have to be studied in a study task that is aimed at unitized processing of the word pair at a semantic level. Experiment 4 showed that processing the pairs as separate words at an orthographic level cancelled the priming effect. The results are explained by assuming that priming results from the overlap of features that are activated during both study and test. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Theory and research suggest that psychologically controlling parenting can be driven by parental concerns in two different domains, that is, interpersonal closeness and achievement. Three studies addressing this hypothesis are presented. Study 1 provides evidence for the validity of the Dependency-Oriented and Achievement-Oriented Psychological Control Scale (DAPCS), a new measure assessing psychological control in these two domains. Study 2 showed that dependency-oriented and achievement-oriented psychological control were related in expected ways to parental separation anxiety and perfectionism in a sample of mothers and fathers. Finally, Study 3 showed that dependency-oriented and achievement-oriented psychological control were differentially related to middle adolescent dependency and self-criticism and that these personality features act as specific intervening variables between the domain-specific expressions of psychological control and depressive symptoms. It is argued that the distinction between two domain-specific expressions of psychological control may allow for a more intricate analysis of the processes involved in intrusive parenting. 相似文献
116.
Purpose
This study assessed how motives for having a temporary job influence the effects of experienced fairness on work-related attitudes.Design/methodology/approach
We examined the moderating effect of three motives for being in temporary employment (the autonomous or voluntary motive, the stepping-stone motive, and the controlled or involuntary motive) on the relationship between experienced fairness and outcomes. Hierarchical multiple regressions were performed on questionnaire data of a sample of 299 Dutch temporary workers.Findings
For temporary employees who accepted temporary employment voluntarily, low fairness is related to lower self-reported performance. For employees who use their temporary job as a way to obtain permanent employment, fairness is not related to work-related attitudes and behavioral intentions. Those who are involuntarily in a temporary job react stronger on fairness and have a higher intention to quit.Implications
Fairness is weakly related to work-related attitudes and behavioral intentions under two conditions: when perceived goal attainment is high, and when the worker is dependent on the temporary job to reach that goal. This study provides support for the assumption that motives may override automatic responses to fairness.Originality/value
This article is one of the first studies that provide evidence for the influence of motives on reactions to fairness. Additionally, this study considers reactions to fairness in a growing contingent of the workforce, that is temporary workers. It provides evidence that the dynamics in fairness perceptions may be different for temporary workers in comparison to their counterparts with permanent contracts. 相似文献117.
Explanatory pluralism is the view that the best form and level of explanation depends on the kind of question one seeks to
answer by the explanation, and that in order to answer all questions in the best way possible, we need more than one form
and level of explanation. In the first part of this article, we argue that explanatory pluralism holds for the medical sciences,
at least in theory. However, in the second part of the article we show that medical research and practice is actually not
fully and truly explanatory pluralist yet. Although the literature demonstrates a slowly growing interest in non-reductive
explanations in medicine, the dominant approach in medicine is still methodologically reductionist. This implies that non-reductive
explanations often do not get the attention they deserve. We argue that the field of medicine could benefit greatly by reconsidering
its reductive tendencies and becoming fully and truly explanatory pluralist. Nonetheless, trying to achieve the right balance
in the search for and application of reductive and non-reductive explanations will in any case be a difficult exercise. 相似文献
118.
Mathijs Franssen Jeroen Clarysse Tom Beckers Priya R. van Vooren Frank Baeyens 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(1):311-317
Martians V2 is both a language syntax in which experiments can be written and an implementation of this syntax in a runtime
application that, when fed a valid experiment text file, will execute the given experiment. It is based on the original Martians
preparation, which has proven a valuable tool for assessing human online-conditioned suppression performance through research
on a wide array of learning phenomena. This article can be read as a manual, both for using the Martians paradigm in general
and for getting started with MartiansV2. 相似文献
119.
Vacationers Happier,but Most not Happier After a Holiday 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jeroen Nawijn Miquelle A. Marchand Ruut Veenhoven Ad J. Vingerhoets 《Applied research in quality of life》2010,5(1):35-47
The aim of this study was to obtain a greater insight into the association between vacations and happiness. We examined whether
vacationers differ in happiness, compared to those not going on holiday, and if a holiday trip boosts post-trip happiness.
These questions were addressed in a pre-test/post-test design study among 1,530 Dutch individuals. 974 vacationers answered
questions about their happiness before and after a holiday trip. Vacationers reported a higher degree of pre-trip happiness,
compared to non-vacationers, possibly because they are anticipating their holiday. Only a very relaxed holiday trip boosts
vacationers’ happiness further after return. Generally, there is no difference between vacationers’ and non-vacationers’ post-trip
happiness. The findings are explained in the light of set-point theory, need theory and comparison theory. 相似文献
120.
Jeroen G.W. Raaijmakers 《Cognitive Science》2003,27(3):431-452
Spacing between study trials of an item increases the probability that item will be recalled. This article presents a new model for spacing based on the SAM theory of memory developed by Raaijmakers and Shiffrin (1980, 1981). The model is a generalization of the SAM model as applied to interference paradigms (Mensink & Raaijmakers, 1988, 1989) and may be viewed as a mathematical version of the Component‐Levels theory proposed by Glenberg (1979). It is assumed that on a second presentation of an item, information is added to an existing trace if the episodic memory image corresponding to that item is retrieved. If it is not retrieved, a new image is stored. It is shown that the model predicts many standard findings including the lack of a spacing effect for the recall of at least one of two items each presented once (Ross & Landauer, 1978). 相似文献