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181.
The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide and a culturally-relevant construct, familism, was used to examine predictors of suicidal ideation among Mexican and Mexican American women in the United States. A sense of perceived burdensomeness toward others was expected to significantly predict suicidal ideation, especially among women who endorsed high levels of familism. Mexican and Mexican American outpatient women (N = 73) completed self-report measures and an interview measure of suicidal ideation. Main and interactive effects of perceived burdensomeness and familism were examined. Perceived burdensomeness, but not familism, significantly predicted suicidal ideation. The interaction hypothesis was not supported. These findings highlight perceived burdensomeness as a risk factor for suicidal behavior in Mexican and Mexican American women. 相似文献
182.
Jeremy D. Schmahmann 《Neuropsychology review》2010,20(3):236-260
The cognitive neuroscience of the cerebellum is now an established multidisciplinary field of investigation. This essay traces
the historical evolution of this line of inquiry from an emerging field to its current status, with personal reflections over
almost three decades on this journey of discovery. It pays tribute to early investigators who recognized the wider role of
the cerebellum beyond motor control, traces the origins of new terms and concepts including the dysmetria of thought theory,
the universal cerebellar transform, and the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome, and places these developments within
the broader context of the scientific efforts of a growing community of cerebellar cognitive neuroscientists. This account
considers the converging evidence from theoretical, anatomical, physiological, clinical, and functional neuroimaging approaches
that have resulted in the transition from recognizing the cerebellar incorporation into the distributed neural circuits subserving
cognition and emotion, to a hopeful new era of treatment of neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric manifestations of cerebellar
diseases, and to cerebellar-based interventions for psychiatric disorders. 相似文献
183.
Facial expression and direction of gaze are two important sources of social information, and what message each conveys may ultimately depend on how the respective information interacts in the eye of the perceiver. Direct gaze signals an interaction with the observer but averted gaze amounts to "pointing with the eyes", and in combination with a fearful facial expression may signal the presence of environmental danger. We used fMRI to examine how gaze direction influences brain processing of facial expression of fear. The combination of fearful faces and averted gazes activated areas related to gaze shifting (STS, IPS) and fear-processing (amygdala, hypothalamus, pallidum). Additional modulation of activation was observed in motion detection areas, in premotor areas and in the somatosensory cortex, bilaterally. Our results indicate that the direction of gaze prompts a process whereby the brain combines the meaning of the facial expression with the information provided by gaze direction, and in the process computes the behavioral implications for the observer. 相似文献
184.
Two psychophysical experiments are reported, one dealing with the visual perception of the head orientation of another person (the 'looker') and the other dealing with the perception of the looker's direction of eye gaze. The participant viewed the looker with different retinal eccentricities, ranging from foveal to far-peripheral viewing. On average, judgments of head orientation were reliable even out to the extremes of peripheral vision (90 degrees eccentricity), with better performance at the extremes when the participant was able to view the looker changing head orientation from one trial to the next. In sharp contrast, judgments of eye-gaze direction were reliable only out to 4 degrees eccentricity, signifying that the eye-gaze social signal is available to people only when they fixate near the looker's eyes. While not unexpected, this vast difference in availability of information about head direction and eye direction, both of which can serve as indicators of the looker's focus of attention, is important for understanding the dynamics of eye-gaze behavior. 相似文献
185.
Richard E. Pastore Jesse D. Flint Jeremy R. Gaston Matthew J. Solomon 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2008,70(1):13-29
There is a small but growing literature on the perception of natural acoustic events, but few attempts have been made to investigate complex sounds not systematically controlled within a laboratory setting. The present study investigates listeners’ ability to make judgments about the posture (upright—stooped) of the walker who generated acoustic stimuli contrasted on each trial. We use a comprehensive three-stage approach to event perception, in which we develop a solid understanding of the source event and its sound properties, as well as the relationships between these two event stages. Developing this understanding helps both to identify the limitations of common statistical procedures and to develop effective new procedures for investigating not only the two information stages above, but also the decision strategies employed by listeners in making source judgments from sound. The result is a comprehensive, ultimately logical, but not necessarily expected picture of both the source—sound—perception loop and the utility of alternative research tools. 相似文献
186.
This study hypothesized that perceived similarity significantly impacts depressed affect contagion only for individuals with highly interdependent self-construals. Baseline self-construal and affect were measured. Then, after reading a vignette about a depressed or nondepressed target, affect and perceived similarity were assessed. Participants reading the depressed vignette reported higher negative affect than participants reading the nondepressed vignette. Positive affect did not differ between the two conditions. For participants exposed to the depressed vignette, the hypothesized interaction between perceived similarity and interdependence significantly predicted positive affect. It appears that participants with more interdependent self-construals were more likely to "catch" the low positive affect displayed by the depressed target only if they perceived themselves as highly similar to the target. 相似文献
187.
Erica L. Hauck Lori Anderson Snyder Luz-Eugenia Cox-Fuenzalida 《Current Psychology》2008,27(2):112-125
The current study investigated the effect of workload variability on performance and stress, as well as the role of social
support as a potential intervention. Based on previous research it was predicted that a shift in workload from either high
to low or low to high would lower performance and increase stress, while the provision of social support would result in higher
performance and lower stress. Results revealed significant decrements in performance following workload shifts, though no
increase in stress was perceived. Performance in both workload conditions significantly, but inconsistently, increased following
the provision of social support and stress significantly decreased following the shift from high to low workload. Implications
and future research steps are discussed further. 相似文献
188.
Jeremy Morris 《Argumentation》2008,22(2):205-216
Self-defeating and self-justifying expressions are reflexive insofar as they pertain to themselves. However, the reflexivity
involved is often pragmatic, i.e., does not entirely depend upon the logical properties of what is expressed but also upon
the expressive act. In this paper I present a general account of pragmatic reflexivity and apply it to some familiar self-defeating
and self-justifying expressions in epistemology. This application indicates some important, if often neglected features of
the epistemological issues involved. The account I defend suggests that epistemology is particularly sensitive to pragmatic
reflexivity since what epistemologists do, i.e., inquire, theorize, and defend theories, is also the subject of the inquiry
and resultant theories.
相似文献
Jeremy MorrisEmail: |
189.
Erica L. Hauck Lori Anderson Snyder Luz-Eugenia Cox-Fuenzalida 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(2):112-125
The current study investigated the effect of workload variability on performance and stress, as well as the role of social
support as a potential intervention. Based on previous research it was predicted that a shift in workload from either high
to low or low to high would lower performance and increase stress, while the provision of social support would result in higher
performance and lower stress. Results revealed significant decrements in performance following workload shifts, though no
increase in stress was perceived. Performance in both workload conditions significantly, but inconsistently, increased following
the provision of social support and stress significantly decreased following the shift from high to low workload. Implications
and future research steps are discussed further. 相似文献
190.
Jeffrey Buchanan Jeremy Husfeldt Tiffany Berg Daniel Houlihan 《Behavioral Interventions》2008,23(1):65-74
The case is made that issues facing the elderly are problems of social importance that should be of interest to applied behavior analysts. An electronic review of eight prominent behaviorally‐oriented journals was conducted in order to examine the frequency of publications over the past 25 years that were concerned with issues related to aging. A total of 109 articles were devoted to aging across the eight journals, with about 30% of these involving participants with cognitive impairments. Results also indicate that each of these journals has published less than one article per year related to aging. The role behavior analysts can play in serving both the elderly and their caregivers is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献