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131.
Julie Cerel PhD Jason H. Padgett MPA Yeates Conwell MD Gerald A. Reed PhD MSW 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2009,39(3):269-281
Support groups for suicide survivors (those individuals bereaved following a suicide) are widely used, but little research evidence is available to determine their efficacy. This paper outlines the pressing public health need to conduct research and determine effective ways to identify and meet the needs of suicide survivors, particularly through survivor support groups. After describing the various approaches to survivor support groups, we explain the need for further research, despite the inherent challenges. Finally, we pose several questions for researchers to consider as they work with survivors to develop a research agenda that sheds more light on the experiences of survivors and the help provided by survivor support groups. 相似文献
132.
Susan S.F. Gau MD PhD Chin‐Hung Chen MD Charles T.C. Lee PhD Jung‐Chen Chang PhD Andrew T.A. Cheng MD PhD DSc FRCPsych 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2009,39(3):332-342
This study established the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) in a clinic‐ and community‐based sample of 36 patients and 592 respondents, respectively. Results showed that the Chinese SIS demonstrated good inter‐rater and test‐retest reliability. Factor analysis generated three factors (Precautions, Planning, and Seriousness) explaining 92.9% of the total variance with high internal consistency. It was moderately correlated with depressive symptoms. Results suggest that the Chinese SIS is a reliable and valid instrument for use in assessing the extent of suicidal intention among subjects with deliberate self‐harm in ethnic Chinese populations. 相似文献
133.
Christopher Merchant MS Anne Kramer LMSW Sean Joe MSW PhD Sanjeev Venkataraman MD Cheryl A. King PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2009,39(2):115-124
Psychopathology, social support, and interpersonal orientation were studied in relation to suicide attempt status in acutely suicidal, psychiatrically hospitalized Black adolescents and a matched sample of White adolescents. In the total sample, multiple attempters were differentiated by lower perceived support. Within the Black youth subsample, social comparison and positive stimulation from others differentiated multiple attempters from single attempters/ideators. Only suicidal ideation predicted multiple attempts among White youth and only higher interpersonal orientation predicted multiple suicide attempts within Black adolescents. 相似文献
134.
John M. Haggarty MD Zack Cernovsky PhD Michel Bedard PhD Harold Merskey MD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2008,38(6):699-707
We investigated the association of suicidal ideation and behavior with depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse in a Canadian Arctic Inuit community. Inuit (N = 111) from a random sample of households completed assessments of anxiety and depression, alcohol abuse, and suicidality. High rates of suicidal ideation within the past week (43.6%), and suicide attempts within last 6 months (30%), were reported. Ideation was more frequent among younger persons, whereas those favoring local native language were less likely to report a wish to die. Higher overall suicidality scores were associated with higher anxiety, and alcohol abuse, but not with depression or gender. Implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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138.
Jerald Greenberg 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(9):1964-1973
Individual predispositions toward time urgency were assessed among 118 emergency room nurses and 145 small‐town librarians. Following from research on person–job fit, according to which people perform better when the demands of the situation match their individual characteristics than when these are mismatched, it was hypothesized that nurses (who typically face high time‐urgent demands) would perform better when they scored high in time urgency, and that librarians (who typically face low time‐urgent demands) would perform better when they scored low in time urgency. The results, based on a standardized measure of task performance, were precisely as expected. The practical ramifications of these findings are discussed along with the implications for research on person–job fit. 相似文献
139.
Oliver Stiedl Michael Meyer MD PhD 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,37(4):311-345
Non-linear fractal analysis of cardiac interbeat time series was performed in corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype
2 (CRFR2) deficient mice. Heart rate dynamics in mice constitutes a self-similar, scale-invariant, random fractal process
with persistent intrinsic long-range correlations and inverse power-law properties. We hypothesized that the sustained tachycardic
response elicited by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of human/rat CRF (h/rCRF) is mediated by CRFR2. In wildtype control animals,
heart rate was increased to about maximum levels (~ 750 bpm) while in CRFR2-deficient animals baseline values were retained
(~ 580 bpm). The tachycardic response elicited by ip-application is mediated by CRFR2 and is interpreted to result from sympathetic
stimulation. However, the functional integrity of CRFR2 would not present a prerequisite to maintaining the responsiveness
and resiliency of cardiac control to external environmental perturbations experimentally induced by extrinsic ip-application
of h/rCRF or under physiological conditions that may be associated with an increased peripheral release of CRF. Under stressful
physiological conditions achieved by novelty exposure, CRFR2 is not involved in the cardiodynamic regulation to external short-term
stress. While the hypothesis of involvement of CRFR2 in cardiac regulation upon pharmacological stimulation cannot be rejected,
the present findings suggest that the mechanism of action is by sympathetic stimulation, but would not unambiguously allow
to draw any conclusions as to the physiological role of CRFR2 in the control of cardiac dynamics. 相似文献
140.
Kralik JD Hauser MD Zimlicki R 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》2002,116(1):39-50
To explore the relationship between problem solving and inhibitory control, the authors present 4 experiments on cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) using a reverse-reward contingency task. In Experiment 1, 1 group of tamarins was given a choice between a small and a large quantity of food. Whichever quantity the tamarins reached for first, they received the alternative. The tamarins consistently picked the larger quantity, thereby receiving the smaller. A 2nd group of tamarins was given the same task, except that if they reached for the larger quantity of food, they received nothing. The tamarins continued to pick the larger quantity, even though this resulted in no food. In addition, most of the tamarins continued to pick the larger quantity even when the food payoff for choosing the smaller quantity was increased (Experiment 2) or when the visual salience of the food was reduced (Experiment 3). Experiment 4 was based on the finding that chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) that have been trained on the concept of number can solve the reversed contingency task if the food is replaced by Arabic numerals. With the help of a color association, and a higher cost incurred by picking the color associated with 3 food items, the tamarins learned to pick the color associated with 1 food item. These results are compared with those obtained from studies of other primate species, highlighting the importance of comparative studies of problem solving that use comparable methods. 相似文献