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921.
922.
Traditional measures of the therapeutic alliance do not capture the dual roles inherent in relationships with involuntary clients. Providers not only care for, but also have control over, involuntary clients. In 2 studies of probationers mandated to psychiatric treatment (n=90; n=322), the authors developed and validated the revised Dual-Role Relationships Inventory (DRI-R). The authors found that (a) relationship quality in mandated treatment involves caring and fairness, trust, and an authoritative (not authoritarian) style, (b) the DRI-R assesses these domains of relationship quality, is internally consistent, and relates in a theoretically coherent pattern with ratings of within-session behavior and with measures of the therapeutic alliance, relationship satisfaction, symptoms, and treatment motivation, and (c) the quality of dual-role relationships predicts future compliance with the rules, as assessed by probation violations and revocation. The DRI-R covaries with multiple domains more strongly than a leading measure of the therapeutic alliance, suggesting that it better captures the nature and effect of relationship quality in mandated treatment. 相似文献
923.
The target article (Han, Lerner, & Keltner, 2007) presents the Appraisal‐Tendency Framework as a basis for predicting the influence of specific emotions on consumer decision making. The 3 thought‐provoking commentaries by Shiv (2007); Yates (2007); and Cavanaugh, Bettman, Luce, and Payne (2007) highlighted the need to (a) distinguish different types of emotional inputs; (b) specify constructs and mechanisms more concretely; and (c) extend the framework in new, creative ways. This response integrates the specific comments into overarching themes and addresses them. 相似文献
924.
Carmen R. Wilson VanVoorhis Tracie L. Blumentritt 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(6):789-798
We examined the internal consistency reliability, convergent and divergent validity, and factor structure of the Beck Depression
Inventory-II (BDI-II) in a sample of 131 Mexican American youth. The BDI-II demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability
(α=.90) and solid convergent and divergent validity with various clinical scales of the Adolescent Psychopathology Scale.
Two factors, Cognitive-Somatic and Affective, emerged from an exploratory factor analysis and suggested that depressive symptomology
may manifest somewhat differently in Mexican American youth. In sum, results provide tentative support for the use of the
BDI-II as a measure of depression for this sample. 相似文献
925.
Reder LM Oates JM Dickison D Anderson JR Gyula F Quinlan JJ Ferris JL Dulik M Jefferson BF 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2007,14(2):261-269
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment that usedmidazolam, a benzodiazepine that creates temporary amnesia, we compared acquisition and retention of paired associates of different
types. Some word pairs were studied before the injection of saline or midazolam, and two lists of word pairs were studied
after the injection. Critical comparisons involved retention of pairs that were practiced on all three lists, pairs studied
on only one list, and pairs that involved recombining cue and response terms from one list to the next, as a function of drug
condition. Previous research with benzodiazepines had found retrograde facilitation for material acquired prior to injection,
compared with the control condition. One explanation for this facilitation is that the anterograde amnesia produced by the
benzodiazepine frees up the hippocampus to better consolidate previously learned material (Wixted, 2004, 2005). We accounted
for a rich data set using a simple computational model that incorporated interference effects (cue overload) at retrieval
for both general (experimental context) interference and specific (stimulus term) interference without the need to postulate
a role for consolidation. The computational model as an Excel spreadsheet may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
926.
The negative compatibility effect (NCE) is the surprising result that low-visibility prime arrows facilitate responses to
opposite-direction target arrows. Here we compare the priming obtained with simple arrows to the priming of emotions when
categorizing human faces, which represents a more naturalistic set of stimuli and for which there are no preexisting response
biases. When inverted faces with neutral expressions were presented alongside emotional prime and target faces, only strong
positive priming occurred. However, when the neutral faces were made to resemble the target faces in geometry (upright orientation),
time (flashing briefly), and space (appearing in the same location), positive priming gradually weakened and became negative
priming. Implications for theories of the NCE are discussed. 相似文献
927.
Using a speeded retrieval procedure, we investigated time-of-day effects in automatic and controlled retrieval. Morning-type
adults were tested at either peak (early morning) or off-peak (late afternoon) times on a speeded implicit (Experiment 1)
or explicit (Experiment 2) stem completion task. In Experiment 1, retrieval strategies were identified by changes in response
speed between a practice phase with rapid retrieval and an implicit memory test phase. Performance based on controlled retrieval
(shown by slowdown participants) showed more priming at peak than at off-peak times of day, a finding confirmed in Experiment
2, in which the participants were given intentional retrieval instructions when the materials switched. In contrast, performance
based on automatic retrieval (shown by nonslowdown participants) did not differ across peak and off-peak times. The finding
suggests a robust synchrony effect in controlled retrieval, but not in automatic retrieval, which does not appear to vary
across the day. 相似文献
928.
In two studies, we document “failure to warn”—a reduced likelihood of warning Black students against potential academic difficulty compared to White students. In both studies, participants placed in the role of academic advisors saw a highly challenging academic course plan, attributed to either a Black or a White student, and gave Black students less warning about the potential negative consequences of taking on the proposed plan. Study 1 (N = 172) demonstrates this effect using undergraduate peer academic advisors, and Study 2 (N = 58) provides evidence that this effect is moderated by Internal Motivation to Respond Without Prejudice (Plant & Devine, 1998), suggesting that this effect is driven by the fear that discouraging an ambitious Black student might reflect prejudice. This well-intentioned concern can have the ironic consequence of leading the recipients of this advice into academic difficulties. 相似文献
929.
We describe our ongoing program of research related to the assessment of contextualized personality, focusing on social roles and cultural cues as contextual factors. First, we present our research employing the traditional assessment approach, wherein participants are asked to rate explicitly their personality across several different roles. We argue that this hypothetical approach is potentially susceptible to the influence of stereotypes, social desirability, and demand characteristics. We therefore describe the development of three novel and subtle assessment procedures that are based on obtaining online self-representations that are activated while occupying a specific context. Finally, the strengths and limitations of all four approaches, as well as directions for future research in the study of contextualized personality, are discussed. 相似文献
930.