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241.
Alexander H. Jordan Benjamin J. Lovett Jennifer L. Sweeton 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2012,40(3):132-143
Social psychological research suggests that because of concerns about being perceived in stereotypical ways, people may experience negative affect and diminished attention and cognitive capacity during interracial interactions. The authors discuss this research in relation to therapy and assessment and also offer practical suggestions for ensuring culturally competent professional practice. La investigación en el campo de la psicología social sugiere que, debido a la preocupación por ser percibida de forma estereotipada, la gente puede experimentar sentimientos negativos y un nivel reducido de atención y capacidad cognitiva durante interacciones interraciales. Los autores discuten esta investigación en relación a la terapia y evaluación, y también ofrecen sugerencias prácticas para asegurar una práctica profesional culturalmente competente. 相似文献
242.
The burden of providing informal care to a family member can lead to caregiver depression and potentially harmful caregiving behavior. Given the interpersonal nature of caregiving, the relationship between caregivers and care recipients may impact caregiver responses. We applied attachment theory to understanding caregiver depression, and both potentially harmful and exemplary caregiving responses. We present data from 430 caregivers in the Family Relationships in Late Life (FRILL 2) Project, a multisite, longitudinal study of caregiving. Age, gender, and model of self were related to caregiving responses, suggesting that model of self may help identify caregivers at risk for poor responses. 相似文献
243.
The Structure of Internalizing Disorders in Middle Childhood and Evidence for Personality Correlates
Shauna C. Kushner Jennifer L. Tackett R. Michael Bagby 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(1):22-34
The current multi-method multi-informant investigation compared the fit of three competing models of internalizing problems
in middle childhood: (1) a unitary factor model, (2) a two-factor model corresponding to the DSM-IV Anxiety/Depression distinction,
and (3) a two-factor model corresponding to the Fear/Distress distinction observed in structural studies of adult psychopathology
(Krueger Archives of General Psychiatry, 56:921-926, 1999); Slade and Watson Psychological Medicine, 36:1593-1600, 2006). In total, 346 youths (mean age = 9.51, SD = .78) and their adult caregivers (344 mothers, 227 fathers) reported on childhood
internalizing symptoms and personality traits. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed adequate to good fit indices for all
three models, although the unitary factor model provided the most parsimonious summary of the data. Although the structural
analyses suggested that internalizing symptom subfactors were not clearly differentiated in middle childhood, hierarchical
regression analyses revealed that personality dimensions uniquely predicted the Anxiety/Fear and Depression/Distress disorders.
These results suggest that personality correlates differentiate childhood psychopathology structure before it is manifest
at the symptom level. 相似文献
244.
Jennifer Maskell Carney Heather Lewy Scott 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2012,90(3):290-297
School counselors play a crucial role in the prevention, assessment, treatment, and overall management of eating‐related problems among children and adolescents. This article provides a framework for conceptualizing these difficulties on a continuum of severity and includes recommendations at each level for intervention and consultation. Collaboration with other professionals is encouraged when confronted with these multifaceted issues. Efforts by school counselors are vital to prevention and recovery from eating disorders. 相似文献
245.
S. Alexandra Burt M. Brent Donnellan Jennifer L. Tackett 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(2):153-163
There is converging evidence that physical aggression and non-aggressive rule-breaking constitute meaningfully distinct, if
somewhat overlapping, dimensions of antisocial behavior, with different developmental trajectories, demographic correlates,
and etiologies. Social aggression can also be factor-analytically and demographically distinguished from physically aggressive
and rule-breaking antisocial behavior. However, there is ongoing debate as to whether social aggression should also be considered
“antisocial” in the way the term is commonly understood, given that socially aggressive behaviors are generally legal and
nearly normative during adolescence. The current study sought to empirically evaluate the notion that social aggression constitutes
a form of antisocial behavior that is separable from other forms of antisocial behavior. We thus conducted a preliminary study
to examine whether social aggression was associated with other forms of antisocial behavior and a variety of correlates of
antisocial behavior in a sample of 497 undergraduates. Analyses revealed that social aggression was independently associated
with other measures of antisocial behavior, substance use and unethical behaviors, as well as the personality traits known
to predict current and future antisocial behavior. These associations were particularly pronounced in women. Such findings
are consistent with our hypothesis that social aggression constitutes a distinct form of antisocial behavior. 相似文献
246.
In 2 studies, we examined the use of validity screening items in adolescent survey data. In each study, adolescent respondents were asked whether they were telling the truth and paying attention in answering survey questions. In Study 1 (N = 7,801), the prevalence rates of student risk behaviors were significantly lower after inappropriate (invalid) responders were screened out of the sample. In addition, confirmatory and multigroup factor analyses demonstrated significant differences between the factor structures of school climate scales with valid versus invalid responders. In Study 2, student perceptions of school climate were correlated with teacher perceptions in 291 schools. A bootstrap resampling procedure compared the correlations obtained with valid versus invalid responding students in each school and found that valid responders had more positive views of school conditions and produced higher correlations with teacher perceptions. These findings support the value of validity screening items in improving the quality of adolescent survey data. 相似文献
247.
While the subjective experience of insight during problem solving is a common occurrence, an understanding of the processes leading to solution remains relatively uncertain. The goal of this study was to investigate the restructuring patterns underlying solution of a creative problem, and how providing cues to solution may alter the process. Results show that both providing cues to solution and analyzing problem solving performance on an aggregate level may result in restructuring patterns that appear incremental. Analysis of performance on an individual level provides evidence for insight-like solution patterns. However, no evidence is found for a relationship between an individual's restructuring pattern and their subjective experience of insight during problem solving. 相似文献
248.
Corns J 《Consciousness and cognition》2012,21(2):613-4; author reply 615-6
249.
Orrin Cooper Pandu Tadikamalla Jennifer Shang 《Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis》2012,19(3-4):115-128
When a business decides to outsource its logistics operations to improve its performance, the organization will need to select a third‐party logistics provider (3PL) that shares common goals and satisfies service level requirements. In this paper, we identify a set of 3PL performance measures from the perspective of the supply chain and organize them into a time‐phased format, beginning with the post production stage and continuing through the delivery of the goods to the customer distribution center. The supply chain flow is presented as a Metrics Arrow. To integrate the performance metrics (PM) into one model, we propose an analytical network process (ANP) to capture all PM and to understand the interrelated influences among them. Additionally, to derive the weights for PM, the proposed ANP model offers managerial insight into the relative impact of each metric as well as warning signals or trigger points within the network of PM. The model provides a realistic framework to choose the 3PL that can help achieve the greatest improvements within the supply chain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
250.
Hungry animals will often choose suboptimally by being attracted to reliable signals for food that occur infrequently (they gamble) over less reliable signals for food that occur more often. That is, pigeons prefer an option that 50?% of the time provides them with a reliable signal for the appearance of food but 50?% of the time provides them with a reliable signal for the absence of food (overall 50?% reinforcement) over an alternative that always provides them with a signal for the appearance of food 75?% of the time (overall 75?% reinforcement). The pigeons appear to choose impulsively for the possibility of obtaining the reliable signal for reinforcement. There is evidence that greater hunger is associated with greater impulsivity. We tested the hypothesis that if the pigeons were less hungry, they would be less impulsive and, thus, would choose more optimally (i.e., on the basis of the overall probability of reinforcement). We found that hungry pigeons choose the 50?% reinforcement alternative suboptimally but less hungry pigeons prefer the more optimal 75?% reinforcement. Paradoxically, pigeons that needed the food more received less of it. These findings have implications for how level of motivation may also affect human suboptimal choice (e.g., purchase of lottery tickets and playing slot machines). 相似文献