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811.
Jennifer S. Mascaro Sean Kelley Alana Darcher Lobsang Tenzin Negi Carol Worthman Andrew Miller 《The journal of positive psychology》2018,13(2):133-142
Increasing data suggest that for medical school students the stress of academic and psychological demands can impair social emotions that are a core aspect of compassion and ultimately physician competence. Few interventions have proven successful for enhancing physician compassion in ways that persist in the face of suffering and that enable sustained caretaker well-being. To address this issue, the current study was designed to (1) investigate the feasibility of cognitively-based compassion training (CBCT) for second-year medical students, and (2) test whether CBCT decreases depression, enhances compassion, and improves daily functioning in medical students. Compared to the wait-list group, students randomized to CBCT reported increased compassion, and decreased loneliness and depression. Changes in compassion were most robust in individuals reporting high levels of depression at baseline, suggesting that CBCT may benefit those most in need by breaking the link between personal suffering and a concomitant drop in compassion. 相似文献
812.
Carissa Dwiwardani Anna S. Ord Matthew Fennell Dorianne Eaves Jennifer S. Ripley Amber Perkins 《The journal of positive psychology》2018,13(5):449-459
Humility predicts relationship satisfaction, partially mediated by commitment, in college students. The present study tested this mediation in a non-college sample of participants who have been in exclusive relationships for at least three months (N = 349). We supported a partial mediation model in predicting relationship satisfaction (Hypothesis 1). After controlling for commitment, accurate view of self was the most important factor in predicting relational satisfaction (Hypothesis 2). A simultaneous meditational analysis revealed that perceived humility predicted relationship satisfaction, mediated by gratitude in relationships (Hypothesis 3). A multiple regression analysis revealed that after controlling for personal virtues, perceiving humility in one’s partner predicted additional variance in relational satisfaction (Hypothesis 4). Our study provided support for a mediational model, but do not allow causal inferences because of cross-sectional design. Thus, we recommend that future studies include longitudinal studies to investigate the meditational models we observed. 相似文献
813.
Sex Differences and Similarities in Video Game Experience,Preferences, and Self-Efficacy: Implications for the Gaming Industry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Melissa Terlecki Jennifer Brown Lindsey Harner-Steciw John Irvin-Hannum Nora Marchetto-Ryan Linda Ruhl Jennifer Wiggins 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2011,30(1):22-33
As computer technology continues to pervade every facet of life, the study of video game playing becomes more relevant. Studies
show that sex differences continue to exist between men and women, boys and girls, in video game experience, favoring males.
Few studies show any overlap in preferences between young men and women in their video gaming choices. The current study surveyed
over 2,000 college undergraduates for video game experience, preferences, and self-efficacy. Although it was found that men
play video games more often, have had more experience, and feel more confident in their game playing ability, a moderate female
gaming population was found to exist, who also play video games regularly. Almost as many similarities as differences were
found between men and women in their gaming preferences. Suggestions and implications for the video game industry are discussed. 相似文献
814.
Although self-harming behavior is a common and costly problem for psychiatric inpatients released from the hospital, standardized tools that assess patients' risk for self-harm are rarely used in clinical settings. In this study of dually diagnosed psychiatric inpatients (N = 147), we assessed the utility of patients' self-perceptions of risk in predicting self-harm in the community. Patients' self-perceptions of risk predicted self-harm 8 weeks after discharge from the hospital (Lag 1; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.75). Self-perceptions of risk at the 8-week interview also predicted self-harm 2 months later (Lag 2; AUC = 0.72). Self-perceived risk added predictive utility above and beyond scores on a measure of depression and seemed to capture changes in risk state over time. The results suggest that inpatients can accurately perceive their own risk and therefore may be important collaborators in the risk management process. 相似文献
815.
Jaser SS Champion JE Dharamsi KR Riesing MM Compas BE 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(3):353-360
The adolescent children of depressed mothers are at increased risk for depression, but little is known about protective factors
for these children. Maintenance of positive affect in a stressful context may be an important marker of resilience. Mothers
with (n = 34) and without (n = 38) a history of depression and their adolescent children completed questionnaires regarding adolescents’ coping and depressive
symptoms and engaged in a 15 min videotaped interaction about family stress. Adolescents’ observed behaviors were coded using
the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales. No significant differences emerged in observed behavior between adolescents of
mothers with and without a history of depression. Higher levels of primary and secondary control coping and lower levels of
disengagement coping were related to higher levels of observed positive mood and fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents.
Observed positive mood was related to fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents, even after accounting for maternal history
of depression and current maternal depressive symptoms. Results suggest the importance of considering positive affect in the
context of family stress as a marker of resilience in adolescents at risk for depression. The current study provides evidence
for coping as a protective factor, related to higher levels of positive affect and fewer depressive symptoms, in adolescents
exposed to maternal depressive symptoms. 相似文献
816.
Gerkensmeyer JE Perkins SM Day J Austin JK Scott EL Wu J 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(5):685-695
As primary caregivers of children with mental health problems, mothers face challenges that put them at risk for depression,
which is rarely identified or addressed. The aims of this paper were to (a) identify mean differences among demographic, stressor,
threat, and resource variables specified in a theoretical model and thought to be associated with maternal depressive symptoms
and (b) determine how much variability in depressive symptoms is explained by these variables. High levels and prevalence
of depressive symptoms were found within a quality of life study that these data were drawn from. Of 139 mothers participating
in this study, 58% had a score of 16 or greater on the CES-D indicating moderate to high levels of depressive symptoms. Significant
differences were found between mothers with higher versus lower levels of depressive symptoms for 11 of the 18 variables.
Hierarchical regression was used to examine the variance explained in depressive symptoms based upon the conceptual model
with 4 composite variables. Income (step 1), behavioral problems (step 2), threat appraisal (step 3), and resource appraisal
(step 4) combined explained 42% of the variance. 相似文献
817.
818.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders in youth has been evaluated in randomized clinical trials and found
to be an efficacious treatment. Studies have investigated the effects of increased parental/family involvement in treatment.
In the majority of these studies, however, parental involvement is synonymous with maternal involvement leaving the role of
fathers unknown. Studies including parents in treatment have yet to examine the independent contribution of mothers and fathers
to child outcome. We examined the relationship between both mother (n = 45) and father (n = 45) attendance and engagement
in therapy sessions, maternal and paternal psychopathology, and child (n = 45) treatment outcome when parents were included
in a Family CBT program for anxiety-disordered youth. Some indications were found for the notion that greater rates of mother
and father attendance in session, as well as higher ratings of mother and father engagement in session, are associated with
improved child outcome. Parental psychopathology was not associated with attendance, engagement, or child outcome. Recommendations
for future research are offered. 相似文献
819.
Otis JD McGlinchey R Vasterling JJ Kerns RD 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(2):145-154
The nature of combat in Iraq and Afghanistan has resulted in high rates of comorbidity among chronic pain, posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD), and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF).
Although separate evidence-based psychological treatments have been developed for chronic pain and PTSD, far less is known
about how to approach treatment when these conditions co-occur, and especially when they co-occur with mTBI. To provide the
best care possible for OEF/OIF Veterans, clinicians need to have a clearer understanding of how to identify these conditions,
ways in which these conditions may interact with one another, and ways in which existing evidence-based treatments can be
modified to meet the needs of individuals with mTBI. The purpose of the present paper is to review the comorbidity of pain,
PTSD, and mTBI in OEF/OIF Veterans, and provide recommendations to clinicians who provide care to Veterans with these conditions.
First, we will begin with an overview of the presentation, symptomatology, and treatment of chronic pain and PTSD. The challenges
associated with mTBI in OEF/OIF Veterans will be reported and data will be presented on the comorbidity among all three of
these conditions in OEF/OIF Veterans. Second, we will present recommendations for providing psychological treatment for chronic
pain and PTSD when comorbid with mTBI. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the need for a multidisciplinary
treatment approach, as well as a call for continued research to further refine existing treatments for these conditions. 相似文献
820.
Kwok J Atencio J Ullah J Crupi R Chen D Roth AR Chaplin W Brondolo E 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2011,17(3):271-282
This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version (PEDQ-CV) Lifetime Exposure scale in a multiethnic Asian sample (N = 509). The 34-item scale measures perceived interpersonal racial/ethnic discrimination and includes four subscales assessing different types of discrimination: Social Exclusion, Stigmatization, Discrimination at Work/School, and Threat/Aggression. The Lifetime Exposure scale demonstrated excellent reliability across the full group and in all major subgroups. Subscales displayed good reliability across the full group and moderate-to-good reliability in each subgroup. The Lifetime Exposure scale was significantly correlated with the depression and anxiety subscales of the SCL-90-R, providing preliminary evidence of construct validity. The data suggest the Lifetime Exposure scale, previously validated in Black and Latino adults, is also appropriate for use with Asian samples, and can be used to examine both within-group and between-groups differences in discrimination. 相似文献