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851.
Verbal coercion involves unwanted sexual penetration compelled by psychological pressure. It was hypothesized that, to the
degree that verbal coercion is seen as controllable, victims may be held more responsible. Two samples of US undergraduates
rated perceptions of hypothetical sexual coercion scenarios. In Study 1, participants (N = 120) read scenarios of either verbal coercion or rape by a male dating partner. Participants perceived verbal coercion
as more controllable than rape, which accounted for the greater responsibility attributed to verbal coercion victims. In Study
2, participants (N = 275) read scenarios involving either male-to-female or female-to-male verbal coercion. Participants perceived female-to-male
coercion as more controllable, which accounted for the greater responsibility attributed to a verbally coerced man. 相似文献
852.
The effects of pregnancy on hiring decisions during employment interviews are examined in a United States sample of 210 undergraduate
business school students at a Midwestern university. A pregnant applicant was compared to a non-pregnant applicant with identical
credentials and interview performance to explore any differences in interviewer ratings of qualifications and hiring by having
participants view videotaped interviews. Results show that in spite of being viewed as equally qualified and well-suited for
the job, the pregnant applicant received significantly lower hiring recommendation ratings. The pregnant applicant was also
rated as more likely to need time off, miss work and quit compared to the non-pregnant applicant, indicating a concern about
absenteeism regarding the pregnant applicant. 相似文献
853.
Unique Aspects of Adolescent Sexual Victimization Experiences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Livingston JA Hequembourg A Testa M Vanzile-Tamsen C 《Psychology of women quarterly》2007,31(4):331-343
This study explored females' adolescent experiences with sexual aggression using event-level data. A community sample of women, ages 18 to 30 years ( N = 319), were interviewed regarding their most recent unwanted sexual experience. Incidents were categorized as occurring during adolescence (ages 14 to 17) or adulthood (after age 18). Preliminary statistical comparison of adolescent and adult incidents revealed differences in perpetrators, type of aggression, preceding activities, and location of assault. Qualitative analytic techniques were then used to identify the contexts in which adolescent victimization occurred, as well as the factors contributing to adolescent vulnerability. Four contexts in which adolescents were sexually victimized emerged: Within Intimate Relationships, At Parties/Social Gatherings, Abuse by Authority Figures, and While Alone With a Friend. Thematic analysis revealed that inexperience with sex and dating, lack of guardianship, substance use, social and relationship concerns, and powerlessness contributed to adolescent vulnerability within these contexts. 相似文献
854.
Danica G. Hays Jennifer K. Dean Catherine Y. Chang 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2007,85(3):317-324
This qualitative study explored how 16 counselors conceptualize and address issues of privilege and oppression in the counseling session as well as how they perceive their training with respect to these constructs. In an effort to bridge multicultural training and counselor practice, implications for counselor training are provided based on the clinical and academic experiences counselors reported. Additionally, future research directions are included. 相似文献
855.
Steven J Lash Robert S Stephens Jennifer L Burden Steven C Grambow Josephine M DeMarce Mark E Jones Brian E Lozano Amy S Jeffreys Stephanie A Fearer Ronnie D Horner 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2007,21(3):387-397
Although continuing care is strongly related to positive treatment outcomes for substance use disorder (SUD), participation rates are low and few effective interventions are available. In a randomized clinical trial with 150 participants (97% men), 75 graduates of a residential Veterans Affairs Medical Center SUD program who received an aftercare contract, attendance prompts, and reinforcers (CPR) were compared to 75 graduates who received standard treatment (STX). Among CPR participants, 55% completed at least 3 months of aftercare, compared to 36% in STX. Similarly, CPR participants remained in treatment longer than those in STX (5.5 vs. 4.4 months). Additionally, CPR participants were more likely to be abstinent compared to STX (57% vs. 37%) after 1 year. The CPR intervention offers a practical means to improve adherence among individuals in SUD treatment. 相似文献
856.
Jennifer P. Bott Matthew S. O’Connell Mano Ramakrishnan Dennis Doverspike 《Journal of business and psychology》2007,22(2):123-134
For practitioners, the possibility of faking on personality tests has potential implications that are much broader than those
captured by current theoretical debates over criterion-related validity, factor structure, or psychological processes. One
unexplored potential impact of response distortion involves the pass rates associated with applying cutoff scores developed
using a concurrent validation design to applicant samples. This practitioner-oriented paper compared applicant and incumbent
scores on three personality dimensions and uncovered significant standardized group differences. These differences greatly
influenced pass rates for three different selection models, which impacted expected utility of the selection system. Potential
solutions for practitioners are provided, along with recommendations for future research in this area.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychologists
in Orlando, Florida. 相似文献
857.
858.
859.
Chaudhry P Kharkar S Heidler-Gary J Hillis AE Newhart M Kleinman JT Davis C Rigamonti D Wang P Irani DN Williams MA 《Behavioural neurology》2007,18(3):149-158
Studies of the cognitive outcome after shunt insertion for treatment of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus have reported widely mixed results. We prospectively studied performance of 60 patients with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus on a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests before and after shunt surgery to determine which cognitive functions improve with shunt insertion. We also administered a subset of cognitive tests before and after temporary controlled drainage of cerebrospinal fluid to determine if change on this brief subset of tests after drainage could predict which patients would show cognitive improvement three to six months after shunt insertion. There was a significant improvement in learning, retention, and delayed recall of verbal memory three to six months after surgery (using paired t-tests). The majority (74%) of patients showed significant improvement (by at least one standard deviation) on at least one of the memory tests. Absence of improvement on verbal memory after temporary drainage of cerebrospinal fluid had a high negative predictive value for improvement on memory tests at 3-6 months after surgery (96%; p=0.0005). Also, the magnitude of improvement from Baseline to Post-Drainage on few specific tests of learning and recall significantly predicted the magnitude of improvement after shunt surgery on the same tests (r2=0.32-0.58; p=0.04-0.001). Results indicate that testing before and after temporary drainage may be useful in predicting which patients are less likely to improve in memory with shunting. 相似文献
860.
Drummond PD Back K Harrison J Helgadottir FD Lange B Lee C Leavy K Novatscou C Orner A Pham H Prance J Radford D Wheatley L 《Behaviour research and therapy》2007,45(7):1601-1608
Changes in facial blood flow were investigated during an introductory conversation, delivering a speech, and listening to the speech afterwards in 16 people with a fear of blushing and 16 controls. It was hypothesized that fear of blushing would be associated with high ratings of self-reported blushing intensity and embarrassment during the tasks, and with persistence of the blushing reaction between tasks. Embarrassment and self-reported blushing intensity were greater in the fear-of-blushing group than in controls throughout the experiment. Increases in facial blood flow were similar in the two groups during each of the tasks. However, blushing dissipated more slowly after each task in the fear-of-blushing group than in controls, resulting in an incremental increase in facial blood flow over the course of the experiment. The slow recovery after an episode of blushing might result in physiological or social cues that help to maintain a fear of blushing. 相似文献