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231.
We report a 53-year-old patient (AWF) who has an acquired deficit of audiovisual speech integration, characterized by a perceived temporal mismatch between speech sounds and the sight of moving lips. AWF was less accurate on an auditory digit span task with vision of a speaker's face as compared to a condition in which no visual information from the lower face was available. He was slower in matching words to pictures when he saw congruent lip movements compared to no lip movements or non-speech lip movements. Unlike normal controls, he showed no McGurk effect. We propose that multisensory binding of audiovisual language cues can be selectively disrupted. 相似文献
232.
233.
From their own practices, the authors offer insight into potential ethical dilemmas that may frequently develop in an applied psychology setting in which sport psychology is also being practiced. Specific ethical situations offered for the reader's consideration include confidentiality with coaches, administration, parents, and athlete-clients; accountability in ethical billing practices and accurate diagnosing; identification of ethical boundaries in nontraditional practice settings (locker room, field, rink, etc.); and establishment of professional competence as it relates to professional practice and marketing. 相似文献
234.
Can false memories that were suppressed at one time spontaneously recover at a later time? Fuzzy trace theory and activation-monitoring theory predict that false memories in the Deese, Roediger, and McDermott (DRM) procedure become substantially reduced as list learning progresses because participants employ a memory-editing process. It follows that if the editing process is rendered less effective, false memories should spontaneously recover. We found that after DRM lists were well learned and false recognition to critical words was substantially reduced by multiple study-test trials, those false memories spontaneously recovered when participants were either rushed or delayed on a retest. We attributed the reduction in false recognition over trials to a memory-editing process that suppresses false recognition as participants gradually learn which words were in the lists and which words, though similar, were not. Rushing or delaying the participants on a retest made it more difficult for them to edit their memory, and false memories spontaneously returned. 相似文献
235.
Charles A. Scherbaum Jeffrey B. Vancouver 《Journal of applied social psychology》2010,40(9):2201-2231
Within the self‐regulation literature on goals, both discrepancy reduction and discrepancy production are considered important theoretical and practical processes. Yet, discrepancy production has only been examined in a limited number of goal‐striving contexts, and the analytical strategies employed (e.g., difference scores) are difficult to interpret. This study extends discrepancy production research to multiple goal contexts where the goals are in conflict. Computational modeling and an organizational simulation were used to test a control theory explanation of discrepancy production. The occurrence of discrepancy production in the computational model and participants was assessed using hierarchical linear modeling. Comparing the data from the computational model with participants' data indicated a good fit. Implications of the findings and methods are discussed. 相似文献
236.
Case conceptualization is a primary skill that may be the linchpin of clinical practice as it sets the framework for making
sense of a patient’s difficulties and guides a path toward change. Providing meaning and structure to often ambiguous and
nuanced clinical information, an apt case conceptualization facilitates the therapist’s complex integration of core therapeutic
skills to produce expert performance. Rooted in the cognitive sciences literature on expertise, we introduce the concept of
metabolizing theory to capture expert therapists’ capacity to use theoretical and clinical knowledge in an intuitive, flexible manner that responds
and adapts to the unique and complex context of the treatment. 相似文献
237.
This paper presents the results of the largest Australian pastoral study concerning the perceptions of health care chaplains
about their involvement on hospital research ethics committees (also known in some contexts as institutional ethics committees).
Survey results from over 300 Australian health care chaplains indicated that nearly 90% of chaplains believed there was merit
in chaplains serving on hospital research ethics committees, yet only a minority (22.7%) had ever participated on such committees.
Data from in-depth interviews is also presented exploring the reasons for the lack of participation and the varying opinions
regarding the role, appropriateness, and value of chaplains on ethics committees. Some implications of this study with respect
to chaplaincy, hospital research ethics committees, health care institutions, ecclesiastical institutions, and government
responsibilities are discussed. 相似文献
238.
This essay provides a brief history and overview of the psychological, especially psychoanalytic, study of religion at Rice
University. 相似文献
239.
A dominant theme in modeling human perceptual judgments is that sensory neural activity is summed or integrated until a critical bound is reached. Such models predict that, in general, the shape of response time distributions change across conditions, although in practice, this shape change may be subtle. An alternative view is that response time distributions are shape invariant across conditions or groups. Shape invariance is predicted by some race models in which the first of several parallel fibers to communicate the signal determines the response. We competitively assess a specific gradual growth model, the one-bound diffusion model, against a natural shape-invariant competitor: shape invariance in an inverse Gaussian distribution. Assessment of subtle shape change versus shape invariance of response time distributions is aided by a Bayesian approach that allows the pooling of information across multiple participants. We find, conditional on reasonable distributional assumptions, subtle shape changes in response time that are highly concordant with a simple diffusion gradual growth model and discordant with shape invariance. 相似文献
240.
Daniel Ellsberg presented in Ellsberg (The Quarterly Journal of Economics 75:643–669, 1961) various examples questioning the
thesis that decision making under uncertainty can be reduced to decision making under risk. These examples constitute one
of the main challenges to the received view on the foundations of decision theory offered by Leonard Savage in Savage (1972).
Craig Fox and Amos Tversky have, nevertheless, offered an indirect defense of Savage. They provided in Fox and Tversky (1995)
an explanation of Ellsberg’s two-color problem in terms of a psychological effect: ambiguity aversion. The ‘comparative ignorance’ hypothesis articulates how this effect works and explains why it is important to an understanding
of the typical pattern of responses associated with Ellsberg’s two-color problem. In the first part of this article we challenge
Fox and Tversky’s explanation. We present first an experiment that extends Ellsberg’s two-color problem where certain predictions
of the comparative ignorance hypothesis are not confirmed. In addition the hypothesis seems unable to explain how the subjects
resolve trade-offs between security and expected pay-off when vagueness is present. Ellsberg offered an explanation of the
typical behavior elicited by his examples in terms of these trade-offs and in section three we offer a model of Ellsberg’s
trade-offs. The model takes seriously the role of imprecise probabilities in explaining Ellsberg’s phenomenon. The so-called
three-color problem was also considered in Fox and Tversky (1995). We argue that Fox and Tversky’s analysis of this case breaks
a symmetry with their analysis of the two-color problem. We propose a unified treatment of both problems and we present a
experiment that confirms our hypothesis. 相似文献