The Relationship Between Counseling Trainee Perfectionism and the Working Alliance With Supervisor and Client

The relationships between perfectionism, counseling self‐efficacy, and the supervisory and client working alliance were investigated among 143 counseling trainees and 46 supervisor–trainee dyads. Maladaptive perfectionism was negatively correlated with the supervisory alliance and working alliance. Counseling self‐efficacy moderated the relationship between adaptive perfectionism and the supervisory alliance (perspective of the counseling trainee) and maladaptive perfectionism and the supervisory alliance (perspective of the supervisor). The authors conclude that supervisors should consider perfectionism and counseling self‐efficacy as important factors in supervision.     

Generalization of Cognitive and Noncognitive Validities across Personality‐based Job Families

The positive relationship between complexity of work and the validity of general mental ability (GMA) measures across a variety of occupations is well supported by research and provides important practical and theoretical support for cognitive ability measures. However, there is currently no research demonstrating a systematic relationship between the size of the validities of any personality measure and the personality requirements of jobs, thus leaving open to question the predictive and construct validity of personality measures for applicant selection. We compared the validities of two biodata measures – one scored to measure social competence and one to measure GMA – across six job families that varied in social requirements. The validity of the GMA measure generalized at approximately the same level across the job families while the validity of the social competence measure decreased as social requirements diminished.     

The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior: a critical review and meta-analysis

This article reviews the literature on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and its dimensions as proposed by D. W. Organ (1988) and other scholars. Although it is assumed that the behavioral dimensions of OCB are distinct from one another, past research has not assessed this assumption beyond factor analysis. Using meta-analysis, the authors demonstrate that there are strong relationships among most of the dimensions and that the dimensions have equivalent relationships with the predictors (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, fairness, trait conscientiousness, and leader support) most often considered by OCB scholars. Implications of these results are discussed with respect to how the OCB construct should be conceptualized and measured in the future.     

Challenging the widespread assumption that connectionism and distributed representations go hand-in-hand

One of the central claims associated with the parallel distributed processing approach popularized by D.E. Rumelhart, J.L. McClelland and the PDP Research Group is that knowledge is coded in a distributed fashion. Localist representations within this perspective are widely rejected. It is important to note, however, that connectionist networks can learn localist representations and many connectionist models depend on localist coding for their functioning. Accordingly, a commitment to distributed representations should be considered a specific theoretical claim regarding the structure of knowledge rather than a core principle, as often assumed. In this paper, it is argued that there are fundamental computational and empirical challenges that have not yet been addressed by distributed connectionist theories that are readily accommodated within localist approaches. This is highlighted in the context of modeling word and nonword naming, the domain in which some of the strongest claims have been made. It is shown that current PDP models provide a poor account of naming monosyllable items, and that distributed representations make it difficult for these models to scale up to more complex language phenomena. At the same time, models that learn localist representations are shown to hold promise in supporting many of the core reading and language functions on which PDP models fail. It is concluded that the common rejection of localist coding schemes within connectionist architectures is premature.     

企业员工自我职业生涯管理的结构及关系

在文献研究的基础上 ,通过访谈、开放式问卷等方法 ,确立了企业员工自我职业生涯管理的结构。根据该结构 ,结合问卷及访谈所搜集的自我职业生涯管理活动 ,编制了自我职业生涯管理问卷 (简称ICMQ)。该问卷在177名被试中进行了初步调查 ,结果发现 :尽管该结构主体结构得到了证实 ,但有些方面如职业生涯发展策略比较混乱。在此基础上 ,修订问卷 ,重新选取 13家企业的中低层管理者及技术人员、文职人员进行了测试 ,获得了 4 4 9份有效问卷 ,对问卷的探索性因素分析结果表明 :该问卷是个五因素的结构 ,这 5个因素是职业探索、职业目标和策略确立、继续学习、自我展示和注重关系。为了进一步验证自我职业生涯管理问卷的结构效度 ,并获得问卷的信度和效度指标 ,研究选取了 11家企业进行了调查 ,获得了 399份有效问卷。验证性因素分析结果表明 :自我职业生涯管理是个并列的 5因素结构     

Catching up with our changing (digital) world: A comment on Baier (this issue)

Many mental health clinicians participate in the use of social media in their professional and personal lives. There are a number of ethics issues and challenges associated with this social media use, particularly with regard to self-disclosure. In this comment, key issues relevant to social media use and self-disclosure are addressed including relevant ethics guidance for participating in social media; social media use, boundaries, and multiple relationships; informed consent and the social media policy; and preparation of our next generation for working ethically and effectively in the digital world. These challenges are examined and recommendations for addressing each of them in a thoughtful and proactive manner are made with a focus on each mental health professional’s overarching ethics obligations to those we serve.     

Auditory spatial attention capture,disengagement, and response selection in normal aging

Attention control is a core element of cognitive aging, but the specific mechanisms that differ with age are unclear. Here we used a novel auditory spatial attention task to evaluate stimulus processing at the level of early attention capture, later response selection, and the lingering effects of attention capture across trials in young and older adults. We found that the shapes of spatial attention capture gradients were remarkably similar in young and older adults, but only the older group had lingering effects of attention capture on the next trial. Response selection for stimulus-response incompatibilities took longer in older subjects, but primarily when attending to the midline location. The results suggest that the likelihood and spatial tuning of attention capture is comparable among groups, but once attention is captured, older subjects take longer to disengage. Age differences in response selection were supported, but may not be a general feature of cognitive aging.