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131.
Jennifer A Linde Alexander J Rothman Austin S Baldwin Robert W Jeffery 《Health psychology》2006,25(3):282-291
Despite considerable clinical interest, attempts to link perceived self-efficacy with successful weight control have had mixed success. Definitive data on prospective associations between self-efficacy and weight loss are particularly sparse. This study examined relationships between self-efficacy beliefs, weight control behaviors, and weight change among individuals participating in a weight loss trial (N = 349, 87% women). Cross-sectionally, eating and exercise self-efficacy beliefs were strongly associated with corresponding weight loss behaviors. Self-efficacy beliefs prospectively predicted weight control behavior and weight change during active treatment but not during follow-up. Mediational models indicate that people's weight control behaviors mediate the impact of self-efficacy on weight change. 相似文献
132.
Austin S Baldwin Alexander J Rothman Andrew W Hertel Jennifer A Linde Robert W Jeffery Emily A Finch Harry A Lando 《Health psychology》2006,25(5):626-634
Using data from smokers (N = 591) who enrolled in an 8-week smoking cessation program and were then followed for 15 months, the authors tested the thesis that self-efficacy guides the decision to initiate smoking cessation but that satisfaction with the outcomes afforded by quitting guides the decision to maintain cessation. Measures of self-efficacy and satisfaction assessed at the end of the program, 2 months, and 9 months were used to predict quit status at 2, 9, and 15 months, respectively. At each point, participants were categorized as either initiators or maintainers on the basis of their pattern of cessation behavior. Across time, self-efficacy predicted future quit status for initiators, whereas satisfaction generally predicted future quit status for maintainers. Implications for models of behavior change and behavioral interventions are discussed. 相似文献
133.
This article describes the unauthorized uses of a coauthored work and a copyrighted U.S. dissertation by European scientists. The case involves alleged infringements of copyright and plagiarism in 6 works that were published up to 19 years after completion of the dissertation and up to 11 years after publication of the coauthored work. Relevant copyright laws, international copyright agreements, and professional psychology ethics and definitions of scientific misconduct are presented. Graduate students and professionals are advised to protect themselves from copyright infringement and recognize that the responsibility for detecting and correcting misappropriated work usually lies with them, not journal editors. 相似文献
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137.
Michele Sferrazza Cheng Xiao Richard A.L. Jones Jeffery Penfold 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(8):561-567
The kinetics of the formation of the interfacial width between immiscible polymer pairs are studied using neutron reflectivity. Bilayers of deuterated polystyrene (d-PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) of high molecular weight are used. The time dependence of the formation of the interface in both cases where the thickness of the top d-PS layer is thin (less than 200 Å) and thick (greater than 1000 Å) is investigated. Following an initial rapid increase, a logarithmic dependence of the interfacial width on time is observed. We interpret this result as arising from the slow equilibration of long-wavelength capillary-wave fluctuations; comparison of our results with theory yields a value of the interfacial tension in good agreement with the self-consistent field theory prediction. 相似文献
138.
Self-control is well established as a predictor of crime and deviance. Little is known, however, about the motivation to exert self-control, or the degree to which individuals perceive self-control to be relevant or necessary. This is because the “self” in self-control theory is under-theorized. We argue that self-control over criminal and deviant behavior is influenced by the desired and feared conceptions people have of themselves in the future. We argue that people's projections of their future selves engender commitments to lines of action, which mobilize the motivation to exercise self-control. By developing a more detailed conception of the “self” in self-control theory, we hope to orient criminology more fully to the importance of individuals' projected future selves and intended lines of action for understanding the relationship between self-control and criminal behavior. 相似文献
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Musser ED Backs RW Schmitt CF Ablow JC Measelle JR Nigg JT 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(6):841-852
Despite growing interest in conceptualizing ADHD as involving disrupted emotion regulation, few studies have examined the
physiological mechanisms related to emotion regulation in children with this disorder. This study examined parasympathetic
and sympathetic nervous system reactivity via measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and cardiac pre-ejection period
(PEP) in children with ADHD (n = 32) and typically developing controls (n = 34), using a novel emotion task with four conditions: negative induction, negative suppression, positive induction, and
positive suppression of affect. Both groups showed strong task-response effects in RSA. However, typically developing children
showed systematic variation in parasympathetic activity (RSA) depending on both emotion valence (more activation for negative
emotion, reduced activation for positive emotion) and task demand (more activation for suppression than induction). In contrast,
children with ADHD displayed a stable pattern of elevated parasympathetic activity (RSA) across all task conditions compared
to baseline. No group differences in sympathetic activity (PEP) were observed. It is concluded ADHD in childhood is associated
with abnormal parasympathetic mechanisms involved in emotion regulation. 相似文献