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41.
Walter Mischel Katharine M Jeffery Charlotte J Patterson 《Journal of research in personality》1974,8(3):231-242
This study investigated conditions that determine subjects' preferences for information about another person's traits versus his specific past behavior in order to predict his future behavior. The similarity-dissimilarity between the situation for which past behavior was available and the one to which predictions had to be made strongly influenced the choice of specific behavioral information versus more general trait information. As expected, behavioral information was preferred most when the situation to which behavior had to be predicted was highly similar to the one for which the past behavioral data were available. On the other hand, more general trait information was preferred in predicting to situations that were not directly similar to those for which past behavioral information was available. The effect of the temporal span covered by available information was also explored. 相似文献
42.
Fromuth Mary Ellen Bass Jeffery E. Kelly David B. Davis Teresa L. Chan Kin Leong 《Social Psychology of Education》2019,22(5):1153-1167
Social Psychology of Education - The current study examined the relationship of academic entitlement with student attitudes (e.g., locus of control, motivation) and academic behavior. Participants... 相似文献
43.
Reduced adaptability,but no fundamental disruption,of norm‐based face coding following early visual deprivation from congenital cataracts 下载免费PDF全文
Gillian Rhodes Mayu Nishimura Adelaide de Heering Linda Jeffery Daphne Maurer 《Developmental science》2017,20(3)
Faces are adaptively coded relative to visual norms that are updated by experience, and this adaptive coding is linked to face recognition ability. Here we investigated whether adaptive coding of faces is disrupted in individuals (adolescents and adults) who experience face recognition difficulties following visual deprivation from congenital cataracts in infancy. We measured adaptive coding using face identity aftereffects, where smaller aftereffects indicate less adaptive updating of face‐coding mechanisms by experience. We also examined whether the aftereffects increase with adaptor identity strength, consistent with norm‐based coding of identity, as in typical populations, or whether they show a different pattern indicating some more fundamental disruption of face‐coding mechanisms. Cataract‐reversal patients showed significantly smaller face identity aftereffects than did controls (Experiments 1 and 2). However, their aftereffects increased significantly with adaptor strength, consistent with norm‐based coding (Experiment 2). Thus we found reduced adaptability but no fundamental disruption of norm‐based face‐coding mechanisms in cataract‐reversal patients. Our results suggest that early visual experience is important for the normal development of adaptive face‐coding mechanisms. 相似文献
44.
Kyle W. Harvison Janet Woodruff-Borden Sarah E. Jeffery 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2004,11(3):217-232
Panic disorder (PD) is associated with the rapid onset of fear-related symptomatology, often somatic in nature. As a result, individuals with the disorder often fear that they are experiencing a life-threatening emergency and present in hospital emergency departments (EDs). As the operating heuristics of EDs are geared toward identifying organic causes and allow only brief physician–patient contact, the diagnosis of PD is more often than not overlooked. Those with the disorder go on to incur enormous costs as they seek out an explanation for their symptoms. Efforts to alleviate this problem, including increased physician education and the development of screening instruments, have been largely unsuccessful. The continued misidentification and mismanagement of this disorder argues for greater incorporation of mental health professionals into the ED, allowing collaborative efforts that recognize the relationship between physiological and psychological aspects of panic. 相似文献
45.
Danielle R. Ridolfi Taryn A. Myers Janis H. Crowther Jeffery A. Ciesla 《Sex roles》2011,64(7-8):491-505
The research questions addressed gender differences in the subjective appraisal of teens experiencing sexual harassment, and the psychosocial maturation of male and female teens appraising such events as threatening to their well-being. Using survey methodology, U.S. undergraduate women (n?=?316; 85% White Caucasian) and men (n?=?270; 85% White Caucasian) reported on their earliest formal work experiences (participants?? average age was M?=?19.03, SD?=?1.87). Results indicated that women, more than men, were more upset by, and were more likely to label an event as, sexual harassment. Results further demonstrated that men, particularly men who appraised harassment as bothersome and relied on behavioral coping, reported detriment to maturity outcomes of autonomy and social responsibility. Implications for a ??wimpy male?? hypothesis are discussed. 相似文献
46.
Reed-Knight B Hayutin LG Lewis JD Blount RL 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(3):299-306
Pediatric gastrointestinal disorders are commonly experienced by youth and have been shown to be associated with increased
rates of psychosocial difficulties. Aim of the current study was to extend development of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist
(PSC), a brief parent-completed measure designed to assess children’s behavioral and emotional functioning, by examining its
factor structure in a pediatric gastroenterology sample. Parents of 176 children ages 4–16 years visiting a pediatric gastroenterologist
completed the PSC. The factor structure of the PSC was examined using principal component analysis. Parallel analysis was
utilized to determine the number of factors to retain and indicated that three factors existed within the data. A principal
component analysis with varimax rotation identified factors measuring internalizing, externalizing, and attention difficulties.
The three factors that emerged on the PSC provide initial support for the utility of the PSC in pediatric gastroenterology
clinics. 相似文献
47.
Should we conceive of corporations as entities to which moral responsibility can be attributed? This contribution presents what we will call a political account of corporate moral responsibility. We argue that in modern, liberal democratic societies, there is an underlying political need to attribute greater levels of moral responsibility to corporations. Corporate moral responsibility is essential to the maintenance of social coordination that both advances social welfare and protects citizens’ moral entitlements. This political account posits a special capacity of self-governance that corporations can intelligibly be said to possess. Corporations can be said to be “administrators of duty” in that they can voluntarily incorporate moral principles into their decision-making processes about how to conduct business. This account supplements and partly transforms earlier pragmatic accounts of corporate moral responsibility by disentangling responsibility from its conventional linkages with accountability, blame and punishment. It thereby represents a distinctive way to defend corporate moral responsibility and shows how Kantian thinking can be helpful in disentangling the problems surrounding the concept. 相似文献
48.
An important question in person perception is how we acquire the perceptual/cognitive mechanisms that characterize adult expertise. Children's performance on face recognition tests improves dramatically between age 4 and adolescence suggesting that our face recognition system may change during childhood. Yet, the source of this improvement is controversial. In this review, we consider whether changes in the way identity is represented/coded in face space could contribute to this age-related improvement. Face aftereffects have been extensively applied to studying face coding in adults and more recently they have been applied to studying the mechanisms of face coding in children. Face aftereffects are temporary distortions of perception induced by exposure to faces and are thought to reflect the mechanisms underlying face perception. Face aftereffect techniques have revealed that children as young as 4 years of age show evidence of adult-like face space organization, with opponent coding of face dimensions. These findings are consistent with an emerging picture that the key mechanisms of face perception are present early in childhood. 相似文献
49.
50.
Current status of the motor program: Revisited 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The motor program is a concept that has had a major influence on theorizing in the field of motor control. However, there has been a lack of consensus as to what exactly is a motor program and its role in movement organization and execution. In 1994 Morris, Summers, Matyas, and Iansek concluded from a review of the application of the motor program concept in the field of physical therapy that continued use of the term may impede progress in the field. In this paper we examine what has happened to the motor program concept in the thirteen years since the previous evaluation. The review indicates that although the term is still being used in different ways, the theoretical existence of a motor program appears to be generally accepted by researchers in experimental psychology, movement science, and neurophysiology. The recent development of powerful brain imaging techniques may allow determination of whether the motor program should be regarded as a metaphorical or literal concept. 相似文献