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11.
Jefferson T 《Science and engineering ethics》1998,4(2):135-140
Redundant publication in biomedical sciences is the presentation of the same information or data set more than once. Forms
of redundant publication include “salami slicing”, in which similar text accompanies data presented in disaggregated fashion
in different publications and “duplicate or multiple publication” in which identical information is presented with a virtually
identical text. Estimates of prevalence of the phenomenon put it at 10 to 25% of published literature. Redundant publication
can be considered unethical, or fraudulent, when the author(s) attempt to conceal the existence of duplicate publication from
editors and readers. Redundant publication in the area of clinical trials is potentially dangerous as it tends to overestimate
the effects of interventions. The scientific community at large and governments should take urgent steps to safeguard the
public from the possible effects of fraudulent multiple publications. 相似文献
12.
This study reports normative data describing the combinations of various VPI high point codes associated with educational preferences classified into one of six of Holland's occupational environments and an undecided category. Eight hundred thirty-one male and 129 female college freshmen were queried regarding their educational preferences and were administered the VPI directly prior to college enrollment. The comparisons between preferences and VPI combinations revealed that Intellectual and Realistic, Social and Enterprising, Conventional and Enterprising, and Social and Artistic, seem to go together frequently for male students. The female sample revealed that Social and Artistic VPI codes were common. 相似文献
13.
Yolonda Wilson Amina White Akilah Jefferson Marion Danis 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2019,19(2):8-19
Intersectionality has become a significant intellectual approach for those thinking about the ways that race, gender, and other social identities converge in order to create unique forms of oppression. Although the initial work on intersectionality addressed the unique position of black women relative to both black men and white women, the concept has since been expanded to address a range of social identities. Here we consider how to apply some of the theoretical tools provided by intersectionality to the clinical context. We begin with a brief discussion of intersectionality and how it might be useful in a clinical context. We then discuss two clinical scenarios that highlight how we think considering intersectionality could lead to more successful patient–clinician interactions. Finally, we extrapolate general strategies for applying intersectionality to the clinical context before considering objections and replies. 相似文献
14.
15.
Reder LM Oates JM Dickison D Anderson JR Gyula F Quinlan JJ Ferris JL Dulik M Jefferson BF 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2007,14(2):261-269
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment that usedmidazolam, a benzodiazepine that creates temporary amnesia, we compared acquisition and retention of paired associates of different
types. Some word pairs were studied before the injection of saline or midazolam, and two lists of word pairs were studied
after the injection. Critical comparisons involved retention of pairs that were practiced on all three lists, pairs studied
on only one list, and pairs that involved recombining cue and response terms from one list to the next, as a function of drug
condition. Previous research with benzodiazepines had found retrograde facilitation for material acquired prior to injection,
compared with the control condition. One explanation for this facilitation is that the anterograde amnesia produced by the
benzodiazepine frees up the hippocampus to better consolidate previously learned material (Wixted, 2004, 2005). We accounted
for a rich data set using a simple computational model that incorporated interference effects (cue overload) at retrieval
for both general (experimental context) interference and specific (stimulus term) interference without the need to postulate
a role for consolidation. The computational model as an Excel spreadsheet may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
16.
African American (AA) women have reported less body image disturbance than European American (EA) women, but questions remain about the nature and extent of this difference. This study examined differences in the body image of 80 AA women and 89 EA women with an improved methodology that controlled for body size, distinguished between satisfaction with and importance of body features, and included nonweight (e.g., hair texture, skin color) as well as weight-related features. Results provide evidence that, in contrast to AA women, EA women (a) were more dissatisfied with both weight and specific appearance features, (b) compared themselves more often to media beauty figures and internalized Western beauty standards more, and (c) showed a significant relation between media comparisons and body dissatisfaction. Internalization of Western beauty ideals was related to body dissatisfaction in both groups of women. 相似文献
17.
Richard L. Morgan J. Randall Nichols Joretta L. Marshall Edward P. Wimberly Ph.D. Philip Jefferson Donald Capps Walter Brueggemann John Patton Brendan Collins Ph.D. Rev. Philip R. Kuehnert S.T.D. Steven S. Ivy Ph.D. Richard L. Morgan J. Harold Ellens Ph.D. Andrew J. Weaver Ph.D. Calvin J. Banks C. George Fitzgerald S.T.D. Carol E. Lytch 《Pastoral Psychology》1992,41(2):99-137
18.
Jefferson M. Fish 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》1997,5(1):37-40
Therapy theorists' criticism of the lack of specific mechanisms in the prevention of mental disorders is examined from the perspective of solution-focused therapy (SFT), which argues that solutions can be unrelated to problems, and that it is not even necessary to know what a problem is in order to solve it. It is suggested that the shift of attention from problems to solutions in SFT offers a conceptual framework within which the criticism is not relevant, and from which theorists of therapy and prevention can share a common outlook. This outlook involves a focus on encouraging productive, useful, positive behavior, with a corresponding deemphasis on an skepticism about current conceptualizations of mental disorders. 相似文献
19.
Todd W. Martin M.A. Henry Jefferson Grubb Ph.D. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1990,20(4):259-272
There is evidence that Black juvenile delinquents have received biased differential treatment in mental health care systems. Research shows that the White juvenile offender often is assessed as having a psychological problem while the Black juvenile offender is more often seen as exhibiting behavior characteristic of his culture and more often than not receives inadequate psychological counseling. This article integrates information on juvenile delinquency, interracial diagnosis, and cross-cultural understanding. It is hoped the information will aid the forensic psychological professional to better understand culturally different children and youth as well as examine his or her own cache of cultural baggage which may interfere with the appropriate assessment and treatment of Black juvenile offenders. 相似文献
20.
Michael P. Wilbur Janice Roberts-Wilbur Diane Jefferson 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》1983,11(2):34-42
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, under Title VI, requires that institutions of higher education submit enrollment figures according to ethnic breakdown for federal monies to be allocated. Such requirements are indicative of efforts to diversify student populations. The Higher Education Act of 1965 also incorporates a number of related programs—Supplemental Opportunity Grants, College Work Study, Talent Search, Upward-Bound—which are designed to provide direct or indirect assistance to disadvantaged students. (Gordon, 1975) 相似文献