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641.
Bridging Science and Religion: How Health‐Care Workers as Storytellers Construct Spiritual Meanings 下载免费PDF全文
Contrary to the notion that medical science has supplanted religious understandings of human suffering, recent research suggests that health‐care workers like nurses can still portray their confrontations with illness and death in spiritual terms through storytelling. However, scholars have yet to systematically analyze the rhetorical devices used to construct spiritual meanings. Drawing on a symbolic interactionist perspective, we theorize that front‐line health professionals can deploy various rhetorical devices to infuse their workplace interactions with a spiritual significance. We also propose novel fuzzy set analysis techniques for determining which configurations of devices are most important in developing spiritual meanings. This approach was illustrated by examining 173 stories elicited from nurses at a nonsectarian, teaching hospital about encounters at work that significantly impacted their understanding of spirituality. Consistent with our expectations, the way in which nurses tell stories about their experiences not only shapes whether they attach spiritual significance to them, but whether they perceive spirituality and medicine to be compatible. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research on lived religion, conflicting identities, and institutional boundaries. 相似文献
642.
Harris-Watson Alexandra M. Kung Mei-Chuan Tocci Michael C. Boyce Anthony S. Weekley Jeff A. Guenole Nigel Carter Nathan T. 《Journal of business and psychology》2022,37(4):855-871
Journal of Business and Psychology - We propose a compensatory interactive influence of conscientiousness and GMA in task performance such that conscientiousness is most beneficial to performance... 相似文献
643.
van Zyl Llewellyn E. Heijenk Babet Klibert Jeff Shankland Rebecca Verger Nicolas B. Rothmann Sebastiaan Cho Vincent Feng Katherine See-To Eric W. K. Roll Lara C. van der Meij Leander 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2022,23(7):3179-3213
Journal of Happiness Studies - Despite its popularity in practice, the Grit-O Scale has shown inconsistent factorial structures and differing levels of internal consistency in samples outside the... 相似文献
644.
Driver responses to motorcycle and lead vehicle braking events: The effects of motorcycling experience and novice versus experienced drivers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Amanda D. Ohlhauser Shaunna Milloy Jeff K. Caird 《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》2011,14(6):472-483
In many countries, motorcyclists are over-represented in traffic collision fatalities and injuries compared to vehicle registrations. Why drivers may violate the right-of-way of motorcyclists traveling as lead vehicles in front of drivers is empirically examined in two studies that were conducted with a moderate-fidelity driving simulator. The purpose of the first study was to determine if drivers, who also held a motorcycle license (N = 16), drove cars differently than regular drivers (N = 16) around motorcycles. The two groups did not differ on responses to motorcycling braking events, which was consistent with previous research on car following. The second study compared the driving performance of sixteen novice teenage drivers (M = 16.2 years of age) to 15 experienced drivers (M = 32.9) over the span of six monthly simulator sessions. Novice drivers’ perception response times (PRT) to the braking events were significantly longer than those of the experienced drivers. PRTs to motorcycle and lead vehicle braking events decreased over sessions. For all participants, PRTs to the motorcycle events were longer than to the car events. The implications of these results for motorcyclists and drivers with different levels of experience are discussed. 相似文献
645.
Russell Lang Mandy Rispoli Jeff Sigafoos Giulio Lancioni Alonzo Andrews Lilia Ortega 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2011,20(4):252-259
Discrete trial training was delivered using English and Spanish languages to a student with autism from a Spanish-speaking
family. An alternating treatments design was used to examine the effects of language of instruction on the child’s response
accuracy and challenging behavior. More correct responses and fewer challenging behaviors occurred when instruction was delivered
in Spanish compared to English. Results suggest that the language of instruction may be an important variable even when a
student initially presents with very little spoken language and comparable scores on English and Spanish standardized language
assessments. 相似文献
646.
Mandy Rispoli Mark O’Reilly Russell Lang Jeff Sigafoos Austin Mulloy Jeannie Aguilar George Singer 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2011,20(4):224-232
This study evaluated the influence of language of implementation on functional analysis outcomes for a child with a severe
intellectual disability from a Spanish-speaking home. Challenging behavior was assessed during 5-min sessions under 4 conditions;
attention, play-verbal, play-nonverbal, and demand and across 2 phases; implementation in English versus Spanish. The highest
levels of challenging behavior occurred during the attention and demand conditions of the English phases. These results suggest
that the language of implementation may influence the overall levels of challenging behavior within functional analysis conditions. 相似文献
647.
This special issue of the Journal of Behavioral Education was prepared to highlight the use of a range of assistive technologies for promoting improved learning and adaptive behavior
functioning among individuals with severe disabilities. The range of technologies evaluated in this special issue includes
microswitches, assistive communication devices, iPods, and computer-based technologies. Collectively, these papers illustrate
how the use of assistive technology can be taught and evaluated to ascertain its effects on learning and adaptive functioning
among person with severe disabilities. 相似文献
648.
Talking reduces attention resulting in real-world crash risks to drivers that talk on a phone and drive. Driving is a behavior
that is very demanding on spatial attention, suggesting potentially large interference by spatial codes in language. The current
study investigated how different types of verbal codes influence visual attention during dual-task performance. In two experiments,
participants performed a spatial or non-spatial verbal task while simultaneously performing a visual attention task. The results
showed a larger decrement to visual attention performance when participants were concurrently engaged in a spatial verbal
task. The results of the second experiment isolated this effect to the right cerebral hemisphere, consistent with a role for
shared right parietal resources. These results are consistent with the idea that processing codes are an important component
of coordinating talking and driving but generally inconsistent with a broad class of bottleneck approaches that describes
dual-task decrements but treats component tasks as cognitively equivalent. 相似文献
649.
Emotion theorists have long debated whether valence, which ranges from pleasant to unpleasant states, is an irreducible aspect of the experience of emotion or whether positivity and negativity are separable in experience. If valence is irreducible, it follows that people cannot feel happy and sad at the same time. Conversely, if positivity and negativity are separable, people may be able to experience such mixed emotions. The authors tested several alternative interpretations for prior evidence that happiness and sadness can co-occur in bittersweet situations (i.e., those containing both pleasant and unpleasant aspects). One possibility is that subjects who reported mixed emotions merely vacillated between happiness and sadness. The authors tested this hypothesis in Studies 1-3 by asking subjects to complete online continuous measures of happiness and sadness. Subjects reported more simultaneously mixed emotions during a bittersweet film clip than during a control clip. Another possibility is that subjects in earlier studies reported mixed emotions only because they were explicitly asked whether they felt happy and sad. The authors tested this hypothesis in Studies 4-6 with open-ended measures of emotion. Subjects were more likely to report mixed emotions after the bittersweet clip than the control clip. Both patterns occurred even when subjects were told that they were not expected to report mixed emotions (Studies 2 and 5) and among subjects who did not previously believe that people could simultaneously feel happy and sad (Studies 3 and 6). These results provide further evidence that positivity and negativity are separable in experience. 相似文献
650.
We describe methods for assessing all possible criteria (i.e., dependent variables) and subsets of criteria for regression
models with a fixed set of predictors, x (where x is an n×1 vector of independent variables). Our methods build upon the geometry of regression coefficients (hereafter called regression
weights) in n-dimensional space. For a full-rank predictor correlation matrix, R
xx, of order n, and for regression models with constant R
2 (coefficient of determination), the OLS weight vectors for all possible criteria terminate on the surface of an n-dimensional ellipsoid. The population performance of alternate regression weights—such as equal weights, correlation weights,
or rounded weights—can be modeled as a function of the Cartesian coordinates of the ellipsoid. These geometrical notions can
be easily extended to assess the sampling performance of alternate regression weights in models with either fixed or random
predictors and for models with any value of R
2. To illustrate these ideas, we describe algorithms and R (R Development Core Team, 2009) code for: (1) generating points that are uniformly distributed on the surface of an n-dimensional ellipsoid, (2) populating the set of regression (weight) vectors that define an elliptical arc in ℝ
n
, and (3) populating the set of regression vectors that have constant cosine with a target vector in ℝ
n
. Each algorithm is illustrated with real data. The examples demonstrate the usefulness of studying all possible criteria
when evaluating alternate regression weights in regression models with a fixed set of predictors. 相似文献