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51.
J. Johnstone D. Galin G. Fein C. Yingling J. Herron M. Marcus 《Brain and language》1984,21(2):233-254
Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by task-irrelevant visual stimuli were recorded from 34 control and 32 dyslexic 10- to 12-year-old boys while they performed silent and oral reading at two levels of difficulty. All subjects were extensively screened for neurological problems, IQ, and sensory acuity. Specific features of the ERPs were affected in amplitude and latency by the experimental variables: group membership, oral vs. silent reading, difficulty level, and recording site (within and between hemispheres). A specific effect of difficulty on the central and parietal ERP was seen in the dyslexics but not the controls. Different patterns of asymmetry were found for the two groups in silent vs. oral reading at midtemporal placements. A marked asymmetry (R > L) was found at the midtemporal region for both groups. 相似文献
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The role of salience in conceptual combination 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The present study investigated three factors that affect the interpretation of novel noun-noun (N-N) combinations: simple feature salience, ontological category, and assessed similarity. Participants read and defined a series of novel N-N combinations in which the feature salience of N1 and N2 was manipulated. Participants also rated the combinations for similarity. The combinations were constrained to be within ontological category. All interpretations were scored in terms of the strategies (property mapping vs. relation linking) used to produce the given interpretations. Highly salient features drove property-mapping interpretations based on those features. Natural kinds produced more property-mapping interpretations than did artifacts. There was no correlation between the proportion of property-mapping interpretations and the assessed similarity of the N-N combinations. These results are discussed as an extension of Estes and Glucksberg's (2000) interactive theory of conceptual combination and argue for the importance of feature salience as a factor in conceptual combination. 相似文献
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Psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers were compared on their assessments of pathology, treatment techniques, and theoretical orientation for a typical hospitalized psychiatric patient. The purpose was to determine the relationship between treatment-team members' professional discipline and their clinical approach to a patient. Clinical discipline was significantly related to assessment, treatment, and theory. Psychiatrists favored medication, hospitalization, support, and brief, infrequent structured treatment focused on the present and external factors with an aim of social adaptation. Social workers were similar, but added types of treatment and longer, more frequent treatment. Psychologists were unique with an emphasis on psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy aimed at personality change. 相似文献
58.
Jeannine Monnier Rebecca P. Cameron Stevan E. Hobfoll J. Robert Gribble 《International journal of stress management》2002,9(1):11-29
The relationship between critical incident exposure and resource loss, as conceptualized by Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, in predicting later psychological outcome (e.g., depressive symptoms, anger expression, and state anger) was examined in a sample of 150 fire-emergency workers from a Fire Department in a mid-sized, midwestern city. Additionally, a measure of critical incidents (Critical Incidents Inventory) was developed, and preliminary data on its validity are presented. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that fire-emergency workers' exposure to critical incidents was directly related to their report of depressive symptoms, outward expression of anger, and state anger. Additionally, results indicated that fire-emergency workers' resource loss was strongly related to their psychological outcome. Results also suggest that resource loss may mediate the impact of critical incident stress exposure on depressive symptoms and the outward expression of anger. These results offer support to applying COR theory to populations under extreme stress. 相似文献
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Jacobs A Pinto J Shiffrar M 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2004,30(5):822-835
Why are human observers particularly sensitive to human movement? Seven experiments examined the roles of visual experience and motor processes in human movement perception by comparing visual sensitivities to point-light displays of familiar, unusual, and impossible gaits across gait-speed and identity discrimination tasks. In both tasks, visual sensitivity to physically possible gaits was superior to visual sensitivity to physically impossible gaits, supporting perception-action coupling theories of human movement perception. Visual experience influenced walker-identity perception but not gait-speed discrimination. Thus, both motor experience and visual experience define visual sensitivity to human movement. An ecological perspective can be used to define the conditions necessary for experience-dependent sensitivity to human movement. 相似文献
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Herron J Ticehurst H Appleby L Perry A Cordingley L 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2001,31(3):342-347
A questionnaire assessing attitudes toward suicide prevention was constructed and shown to have satisfactory reliability and internal consistency. The determinants and distribution of these attitudes were investigated in four groups of health professionals who are in contact with suicidal patients: general practitioners, accident and emergency nurses, psychiatrists in training, and community psychiatric nurses. Attitudes toward suicide prevention were shown to differ significantly between professional groups. More positive attitudes were associated with mental health professionals, working in the community, and previous training in suicide risk assessment. Negative attitudes should be assessed and targeted in training designed to improve the management of suicide risk. 相似文献