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31.
Long DL Wilson J Hurley R Prat CS 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2006,32(4):816-827
Readers construct at least 2 interrelated mental representations when they comprehend a text: a textbase and a situation model. Two experiments were conducted with recognition memory to examine how domain knowledge and text coherence influence readers' textbase and situation-model representations. In Experiment 1, participants made remember-know judgments to text ideas. Knowledge and coherence interacted to influence remember judgments differently than know judgments. In Experiment 2, the authors used the process-dissociation procedure to obtain recollection and familiarity estimates. Knowledge and coherence interacted to influence recollection estimates but not familiarity estimates. The authors claim that recollection and familiarity can be used as markers of the different processes involved in constructing a textbase and a situation model. 相似文献
32.
Behavioral Approach System (BAS) Sensitivity and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: A Retrospective and Concurrent Behavioral High-Risk Design 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lauren B. Alloy Lyn Y. Abramson Patricia D. Walshaw Alex Cogswell Jeannette M. Smith Amy M. Neeren Megan E. Hughes Brian M. Iacoviello Rachel K. Gerstein Jessica Keyser Snezana Urosevic Robin Nusslock 《Motivation and emotion》2006,30(2):143-155
In this article, we tested the vulnerability hypothesis of the behavioral approach system (BAS) hypersensitivity model of
bipolar disorders. We examined whether self-reported BAS sensitivity predicts lifetime bipolar spectrum diagnoses as well
as symptoms and personality characteristics associated with bipolar disorder using a retrospective and concurrent behavioral
high-risk design. Participants with high (HBAS; n=28) or moderate (MBAS; n=24) BAS sensitivity were selected and given a lifetime psychiatric diagnostic interview and self-report measures of proneness
to bipolar symptoms, current symptoms, and personality characteristics relevant to bipolarity. HBAS participants were significantly
and substantially more likely to have a lifetime bipolar spectrum disorder diagnosis than were MBAS participants, but did
not differ from MBAS participants in their likelihood of a unipolar depression diagnosis. Also, the HBAS group exhibited higher
impulsivity and proneness to hypomanic symptoms than the MBAS group, and BAS-reward responsiveness predicted hypomanic personality
characteristics. Finally, high behavioral inhibition system (BIS) sensitivity was associated with proneness to and current
depressive symptoms.
相似文献
Lauren B. AlloyEmail: |
33.
EMPLOYMENT AND ROLE SATISFACTION 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leora N. Rosen Jeannette R. Ickovics Linda Z. Moghadam 《Psychology of women quarterly》1990,14(3):371-385
A path analytic model was used to examine the impact of three domains of life satisfaction and three employment-related variables on general well-being in a sample of 1,145 Army wives. The life domains included marital, financial, and role satisfaction. The employment-related variables included: (a) time spent employed (none, part, or full); (b) role fit; and (c) satisfaction with overall career development prospects. The employment-related variables were hypothesized to impact on general well-being both directly and indirectly through their relationship to role satisfaction. Time spent employed and role fit were found to be significantly related to role satisfaction, which in turn, was significantly related to general well-being. One variable–satisfaction with overall career development prospects–had a significant direct impact on general well-being. 相似文献
34.
Valerie A. Earnshaw Lisa Rosenthal Amy Carroll-Scott Susan M. Peters Catherine McCaslin Jeannette R. Ickovics 《Social Psychology of Education》2014,17(2):197-209
Experiencing bullying as a victim is associated with negative health and health behavior outcomes, including substance use, among adolescents. However, understandings of protective factors—factors that enhance adolescents’ resilience to the negative consequences of bullying—remain limited. The current study investigates whether teacher involvement protects adolescent students from the association between being bullied due to race and smoking initiation. Students were recruited from 12 Kindergarten through 8th grade schools in an urban school district in the Northeast United States. The analytic sample included 769 students who responded to surveys in 5th or 6th grade (2009), and two years later in 7th or 8th grade (2011). Students primarily identified as Latino and/or Black, and 90 % were eligible for free or reduced lunch. Fifty-four (7 %) students initiated smoking between survey time points. Among students reporting lower teacher involvement, race-based bullying was associated with higher likelihood of smoking initiation (OR \(=\) 1.69, \(p =0.03\) ). In contrast, among students reporting higher teacher involvement, race-based bullying was not associated with higher likelihood of smoking initiation (OR \(=\) 0.95, \(p =0.81\) ). Results suggest that teacher involvement may protect students from the association between race-based bullying and smoking initiation. Enhancing teacher involvement among students experiencing race-based bullying in schools may limit smoking initiation. 相似文献
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36.
Patricia H. Rosenberger Jeannette R. Ickovics Elissa S. Epel Danielle D’Entremont Peter Jokl 《Psychology & health》2013,28(3):307-320
Few studies have examined whether certain coping behaviors are associated with physical outcomes following surgery. This prospective, longitudinal study investigated the effect of active and avoidant coping behaviors on two physical outcomes over time, pain and knee function, in a group of patients experiencing knee arthroscopic surgery (n = 81). Structured interviews and physician clinical assessments were conducted preoperatively and at 3 and 24 weeks postoperatively. Coping behavior was assessed during the preoperative interview, and patients were divided into high and low avoidant and active coping groups. Using repeated measures MANCOVA/ANCOVA, avoidant coping was significantly associated with knee pain and active coping was associated with knee function. Serum cortisol levels were available for a patient subset (n = 16); higher cortisol was related to both avoidant coping and poorer functioning during early recovery. Results suggest that these divergent coping behaviors are differentially associated with stress reactivity and physical outcomes in healthy patients undergoing minor knee surgery. 相似文献
37.
Rosselló J Bernal G Rivera-Medina C 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2008,14(3):234-245
This study compared individual (I) to group (G) formats of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for the treatment of depression in adolescents. One hundred and 12 Puerto Rican adolescents were randomized to four conditions (CBT-I, CBT-G, IPT-I, IPT-G). Participants were assessed at pretreatment and posttreatment with structured interviews to establish diagnosis and with self-report measures to assess treatment outcome. The results suggest that CBT and IPT are robust treatments in both group and individual formats. However, CBT produced significantly greater decreases in depressive symptoms and improved self-concept than IPT. The implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
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39.
de Kloet ER Grootendorst J Karssen AM Oitzl MS 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2002,78(3):570-577
A fundamental question in the neurobiology of cognition is how stress and glucocorticoids modify learning and memory processes. Why some individuals develop cognitive deficits after stress, while other individuals improve in cognitive performance under similar adverse conditions is still unresolved. To address these questions we focus on those issues. First, corticosterone, which appears to be the preferred glucocorticoid for the rodent and human brain, acts via brain mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) on the expression of networks of corticosteroid-responsive genes. Different effects are achieved by MR and GR activation. Second, the experimental context that determines the timing and the consequences of corticosterone action during the various stages of information processing is reviewed. Third, the genetic context and the environmental context are investigated. Using apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE0/0) mice we show that apoE (apoE4 is a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease) is a candidate gene with an important function in shaping the cognitive outcome (genotype x environment interaction). 相似文献
40.
Amiel-Tison C Allen MC Lebrun F Rogowski J 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2002,8(4):281-292
The focus of neonatal intensive care has been on very low birthweight infants, who comprise only 1.4% of neonates. Too little attention is paid to moderately preterm infants that we call macropremies or moderately low birthweight infants (MLBW, with birthweights 1500-2500 grams). Admitting over half MLBW infants to normal nurseries presumes that they have few needs and an excellent prognosis similar to fullterm newborns. It does not take into account the macropremie's vulnerability to complications of prematurity due to immature organ systems. Obstetricians are increasingly willing to deliver these infants prematurely for signs of fetal distress. As many as 25% of children with cerebral palsy referred to a disability clinic in Paris were MLBW, with hypoxic-ischemic-inflammatory associated disorders in one-third. The majority of MLBW infants who required neonatal intensive care at a tertiary care center in Baltimore had complications of prematurity: 47% had respiratory problems, 20% had feeding intolerance and 9% had hypoglycemia. MLBW infants comprise 5-7% of the neonatal population but account for 14% of neonatal deaths, 18-37% of children with cerebral palsy and 7-12% of children with mental retardation. Increasing the level of neonatal care for the macropremie's transition to extrauterine life would be economically feasible if it prevented as few as 30% of cases of major disability. A change in attitude towards this low risk (but not risk free) group of MLBW infants will both reduce morbidity and improve their health and neurodevelopmental outcome. It includes: 1) Providing an intermediate level of neonatal care for a short duration, with close monitoring and prompt intervention as needed, and 2) Neonatal neurodevelopmental screening to allow focused neurodevelopmental followup of MLBW infants with abnormalities. 相似文献