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161.
Ricardo F. Muñoz Yu-Wen Ying Guillermo Bernal Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable James L. Sorensen William A. Hargreaves Jeanne Miranda Leonard S. Miller 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(2):199-222
The prevention of major depression is an important research goal which deserves increased attention. Depressive symptoms and disorders are particularly common in primary care patients and have a negative impact on functioning and well-being comparable with other major chronic medical conditions. The San Francisco Depression Prevention Research project conducted a randomized, controlled, prevention trial to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing such research in a public sector setting serving low-income, predominantly minority individuals: 150 primary care patients free from depression or other major mental disorders were randomized to an experimental cognitive-behavioral intervention or to a control condition. The experimental intervention group reported a significantly greater reduction in depressive levels. Decline in depressive levels was significantly mediated by decline in the frequency of negative conditions. Group differences in the number of new episodes (incidence) of major depression did not reach significance during the 1-year trial. We conclude that depression prevention trials in public sector primary care settings are feasbile, and that depressive symptoms can be reduced even in low-income, minority populations. To conduct randomized prevention trials that can test effects on incidence with sufficient statistical power, subgroups at greater imminent risk have to be identified. 相似文献
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The physical changes of puberty coincide with an increase in the salience of peer relationships and a growing risk for depression and other forms of psychopathology. Previously, we reported that pubertal tempo, defined as a child's rate of intraindividual change in pubertal status (measured using parent-reported Tanner stages; Marshall & Tanner, 1970), was associated with changes in boys'--but not girls'--depressive symptoms over and above effects explained by pubertal timing (Mendle, Harden, Brooks-Gunn, & Graber, 2010). The present study extends this previous research by examining changes in the quality of peer relationships in the association between individual differences in pubertal development and change in boys' depressive symptoms. Boys (N = 128, M = 9.61 years, SD = 0.70, at Time 1) were recruited from public schools and assessed annually for 4 years. Results from latent growth curve models indicated that earlier pubertal timing and more rapid pubertal tempo were associated with greater decrements in the quality of boys' peer relationships. After accounting for the association between change in peer relationships and depressive symptoms, the direct effects of pubertal timing and tempo on depressive symptoms were no longer significant. These results highlight a multifaceted approach to studying puberty and emphasize how social mechanisms may intersect with biological risk to produce psychological distress. 相似文献
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Jeanne M. Peloso 《Pastoral Psychology》2012,61(2):233-243
The metaphors and images that the individual holds for God have been neglected in theological anthropology, even though they offer important insights into how the individual builds a foundation of faith, engages in the world spiritually, and participates in religious institutions. The author interviewed young adult Roman Catholics for this study, guided by the following question: What metaphors and images do individuals hold for God, and how do these metaphors and images contribute to an understanding of theological anthropology? 相似文献
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We would like to propose a new model of meaning construction based on language comprehension considered as a dynamic process
during which the meaning of each linguistic unit and the global meaning of the sentence are determined simultaneously. This
model, which may be called “gestalt compositionality,” is radically opposed to the classic compositional mechanism advocated
by linguistic formalism based on the primacy of syntax. The process considers the syntactic structure of an utterance as the
product of meaning construction rather than its source. The comprehension of an utterance is consequently directly based on
the interaction between the different basic components of this utterance: lexical units, grammatical markers, positional relations
between units, and more generally, basic “constructions” in the sense of Construction Grammar. Thus, meaning is really the
result of a gestalt compositional process insomuch as the contribution of each basic component depends on the contribution
of the other components present in the utterance. We show a first attempt at modeling from French and English examples. 相似文献
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Pamela Kato Klebanov Gary W. Evans Jeanne Brooks-Gunn 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2014
The independent and joint effects of family and neighborhood poverty and ethnicity upon weight trajectories from age two to six-and-a-half were examined using data from the Infant Health and Development Program (N = 985), an early intervention program for low birth weight children and families. At age two, family poverty was associated with higher body mass index (BMI), whereas neighborhood poverty and ethnicity were not. Over time, the BMI of toddlers from poor and near poor neighborhoods increased nonlinearly, while those from nonpoor neighborhoods remained stable. BMIs of Hispanic-American toddlers increased steadily over time, unlike African-American and Anglo-American toddlers. Although initially similar, over time African-American toddlers' BMIs increased more rapidly than Anglo-American toddlers. Family and neighborhood poverty and ethnicity were associated with BMI. More work is needed on how poverty and ethnicity contribute to differences in early weight gain in conjunction with sociocultural and environmental factors in the home and community. 相似文献