慧远佛学思想的内在矛盾与展开

慧远是中国佛教史上的代表性人物,其佛学思想丰富而复杂,从而构成了自身的内在矛盾性.这种矛盾性集中体现在"本无"与"神我"、"性空"与"法性"、"禅修"与"净土"等三个方面.本文通过对慧远佛学思想内在矛盾与展开的分析,力图理清慧远思想的特质,从而从一个侧面,窥测中国佛学发展的路向.     

Response to Intervention for Middle School Students With Reading Difficulties: Effects of a Primary and Secondary Intervention

This study examined the effectiveness of a yearlong, researcher-provided, Tier 2 (secondary) intervention with a group of sixth-graders. The intervention emphasized word recognition, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension, Participants scored below a proficiency level on their slate accountability test and were compared to a similar group of struggling readers receiving school-provided instruction. All students received the benefits of content area teachers who participated in researcher-provided professional development designed to integrate vocabulary and comprehension practices throughout the school day (Tier 1). Students who participated in the Tier 2 intervention showed gains on measures of decoding, fluency, and comprehension, but differences relative to students in the comparison group were small (median d = +0.16). Students who received the re searcher-provided intervention scored significantly higher than students who received comparison intervention on measures of word attack, spelling, the state accountability measure, passage comprehension, and phonemic decoding efficiency, although most often in particular subgroups.