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131.
Although much research has demonstrated the existence of relationship specific relational selves, the effects of those selves on feelings about the overall self-concept are unknown. The current research proposed that level of relational interdependent self-construal moderates the relationship between the activation of close relationship partners and self-confidence. The first study examined self-construal as a naturally occurring personality variable, whereas the second study manipulated self-construal. Both studies supported the hypothesis that those greater in relational interdependence experience greater self-confidence when close others are salient whereas those lower in relational interdependence experience lower self-confidence. The implications of the findings and linkages to past research are discussed. 相似文献
132.
Jeanette Taylor Lisa M. James Mark D. Reeves Janet A. Kistner 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(2):94-103
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is positively associated with antisocial behavior in adolescent boys and might increase
clinical and social problems. Delinquent boys (most with multiple felony adjudications; n = 239) in a residential facility who were high in number of BPD traits (assessed via the Borderline Tendency scale of the
Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory) were compared to 1,197 control offenders in the same facility while controlling for
antisocial PD traits. As expected, offenders high in BPD traits had more suicidal behavior and psychopathology features and
worse peer and family relations than control offenders and were higher in rates of childhood sexual and physical abuse than
controls. Groups did not differ in criminal history. Results suggest that BPD traits are associated with significant problems
in functioning and these traits should be identified to help curb associated problems. 相似文献
133.
WOMEN'S RESPONSES TO UNWANTED SEXUAL ADVANCES: THE ROLE OF ALCOHOL AND INHIBITION CONFLICT 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this study we investigated how alcohol consumption affects women's responses to unwanted sexual advances in a hypothetical dating situation. Sixty female social drinkers participated in a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment, which examined the effects of moderate alcohol intoxication and relationship characteristics on behavioral responses to unwanted sexual advances. Hypotheses were tested regarding the influence of inhibition conflict on intoxicated participants. As predicted, intoxicated women were more likely than sober women to consent to their dating partner's sexual advances in high conflict situations. Additionally, alcohol consumption increased women's estimated likelihood of responding passively. These findings aid in explicating the relationship between alcohol consumption and women's increased vulnerability to sexual assault. 相似文献
134.
Maria J. Leirbakk Jeanette H. Magnus Johan Torper Paula Zeanah 《Infant mental health journal》2019,40(5):659-672
Despite recognition that immigrant women face significant health challenges, addressing the healthcare needs of immigrants is a source of debate in the United States. Lack of adequate healthcare for immigrants is recognized as a social justice issue, and other countries have incorporated immigrants into their healthcare services. Oslo, the fastest growing capital in Europe, is rapidly shifting to a heterogeneous society prompting organizational action and change. The New Families Program serves first-time mothers and their infants in an Oslo district serving 53% minorities from 142 countries. Anchored in salutogenic theory, the program aims to support the parent–child relationship, children's development and social adaptation, and to prevent stress-related outcomes. Formative research has informed the successful program development and implementation within the existing maternal and child healthcare service. Implications for addressing maternal and child health needs of an immigrant population are presented. 相似文献
135.
Viren Swami Adrian Furnham Ismail Maakip Mohd Sharani Ahmad Nurul Hudani Mohd Nawi Peter S. K. Voo Andrew N. Christopher Jeanette Garwood 《Applied cognitive psychology》2008,22(2):235-246
This study examined lay beliefs about intelligence cross‐culturally using a questionnaire based on an expert summary of what is known about intelligence. Two hundred and thirty five university undergraduates in Malaysia, 347 undergraduates in Britain and 137 undergraduates in the US rated for agreement 30 items about the nature, measurement, between‐group differences and practical importance of intelligence. An exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors: (1) stability, reliability and validity of intelligence tests; (2) practical importance of intelligence and (3) source and stability of within‐group intelligence. While the overall factor structure did not vary a great deal between groups, there were significant cross‐cultural differences on the mean scores for Factors 1–3. Explanations for cross‐cultural differences in implicit theories of intelligences are considered, and limitations of the study discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
136.
This purpose of this article is to explore differences by gender and school grade in patterns of association among social influences and tobacco use. Data from the 1999 (N = 15,038) and 2000 (N = 35,828) National Youth Tobacco Survey (American Legacy Foundation, 1999, 2000), a nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional survey, were used in the analysis. The authors compared effects on adolescent smoking. Direct paths from social environment to current smoking increased from middle school to high school. Indirect paths with social image mediating this relationship revealed a smaller increase. The pattern was constant across subsamples. Social image of smokers mediated the influence of social environment on adolescent smoking. Social image had a greater effect on smoking among middle school boys and high school girls. 相似文献
137.
Mary P. Koss Antonia Abbey Rebecca Campbell Sarah Cook Jeanette Norris Maria Testa Sarah Ullman Carolyn West Jacquelyn White 《Psychology of women quarterly》2007,31(4):357-370
The Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) assesses victimization and perpetration of unwanted sexual experiences (e.g., Koss, Gidycz, & Wisniewski, 1987 ). Revised versions of the SES that resulted from the work of the SES Collaboration are now available. This article reviews weaknesses of the SES that were identified, strengths that were preserved, and methodological considerations in the measurement of unwanted sexual experiences that informed the revisions. The primary changes include: more behavioral specificity; conversion to gender neutrality; full crossing of unwanted acts and coercive tactics; and revised and updated wording for assessing consent, alcohol-related incidents, unwanted acts, and coercive tactics. For illustration, the full text of the revised victimization version and its scoring rules are provided. The article concludes with suggestions for future research. These suggestions aim to involve researchers in a coordinated agenda to develop data that clarify methodological questions and contribute to continued improvement in assessing sexual victimization and perpetration. 相似文献
138.
Jeanette Hewitt 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2010,31(1):63-77
A diagnosis of schizophrenia is often taken to denote a state of global irrationality within the psychiatric paradigm, wherein
psychotic phenomena are seen to equate with a lack of mental capacity. However, the little research that has been undertaken
on mental capacity in psychiatric patients shows that people with schizophrenia are more likely to experience isolated, rather
than constitutive, irrationality and are therefore not necessarily globally incapacitated. Rational suicide has not been accepted
as a valid choice for people with schizophrenia due in part to a belief that characteristic irrationality prevents autonomous
decision-making. Since people with schizophrenia are often seen to lack insight into the nature of their disorder, both psychiatric
and ethical perspectives generally presume that suicidal acts result directly from mental illness itself and not from second-order
desires. In this article, I challenge notions of global irrationality conferred by a diagnosis of schizophrenia and argue
that, where delusional beliefs are unifocal, schizophrenia does not necessarily lead to a state of mental incapacity. I then
attempt to show that people with schizophrenia can sometimes be rational with regard to suicide, where this decision stems
from a realistic appraisal of psychological suffering. 相似文献
139.
140.
William H. George Kelly L. Cue Peter A. Lopez Leif C. Crowe Jeanette Norris 《Journal of applied social psychology》1995,25(2):164-186
In evaluating dating scenarios, perceivers tend to infer more sexual responsiveness for drinking than nondrinking daters. The origin of these postdrinking sexual inferences has not previously been examined. In the present study, we considered whether perceivers' alcohol expectancies would influence these inferences. Male and female subjects completed a brief expectancy measure, read a vignette depicting a beer-drinking or cola-drinking woman, and evaluated the targeted woman. Multiple-regression equations were computed to test a replication hypothesis and an interaction hypothesis. In support of the replication hypothesis, subjects rated the beer-drinking woman as more sexual than her cola-drinking counterpart. In support of the interaction hypothesis, male but not female subjects exhibited the predicted expectancy by drink interaction. High expectancy men but not low expectancy men rated the beer-drinking woman as more likely to engage in sexual behaviors than the cola-drinking woman. This finding was evident on behaviorally specific measures, but not on trait-like measures. The roles of stereotypes and alcohol expectancies as determinants of post-drinking sexual inferences are discussed. 相似文献