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51.
In addition to information about phonology, morphology and syntax, lexical entries contain semantic information about participants (e.g., Agent). However, the traditional criteria for determining how much participant information is lexically encoded have proved unreliable. We have proposed two semantic criteria (obligatoriness and selectivity) that jointly identify the participants that are lexically encoded in verbs. We tested whether one of these criteria, semantic selectivity, makes psychologically real distinctions between participant information that is lexically encoded and participant information that is not. We examined how readers integrated syntactically optional WH-constituents in filler-gap sentences when the participant information conveyed by the WH-filler was specific to a restricted class of verbs (i.e., source locations) and when it was not (i.e., event locations). Our results provide support for the role of specificity in the lexical encoding of participant information of syntactically optional constituents. 相似文献
52.
53.
Structural, mean- and individual-level, differential, and ipsative personality continuity were examined in 599 patients treated for major depression assigned to 1 of 6 forms of a 6-month pharmaco-psychotherapy program. Covariation among traits from the Five Factor model remained invariant across treatment, and patients described themselves as slightly more extraverted, open to experience, agreeable and conscientious, and substantially more emotional stable after treatment. Trait changes were only to a small extent explained by changes in depression severity. There was evidence for differential, individual-level, and ipsative stability, with stable personality profiles in terms of shape and to a lesser extent in terms of scatter and elevation. Traits remain relatively stable, except for emotional stability, despite the depressive state and the psychopharmacological interventions. 相似文献
54.
Grainger J Granier JP Farioli F Van Assche E van Heuven WJ 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2006,32(4):865-884
Six experiments apply the masked priming paradigm to investigate how letter position information is computed during printed word perception. Primes formed by a subset of the target's letters facilitated target recognition as long as the relative position of letters was respected across prime and target (e.g., "arict" vs. "acirt" as primes for the target "apricot"). Priming effects were not influenced by whether or not absolute, length-dependent position was respected (e.g., "a-ric-t" vs. "arict"/"ar-i-ct"). Position of overlap of relative-position primes (e.g., apric-apricot; ricot-apricot; arict-apricot) was found to have little influence on the size of priming effects, particularly in conditions (i.e., 33 ms prime durations) where there was no evidence for phonological priming. The results constrain possible schemes for letter position coding. 相似文献
55.
Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: a testable taxonomy 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Dehaene S Changeux JP Naccache L Sackur J Sergent C 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2006,10(5):204-211
Of the many brain events evoked by a visual stimulus, which are specifically associated with conscious perception, and which merely reflect non-conscious processing? Several recent neuroimaging studies have contrasted conscious and non-conscious visual processing, but their results appear inconsistent. Some support a correlation of conscious perception with early occipital events, others with late parieto-frontal activity. Here we attempt to make sense of these dissenting results. On the basis of the global neuronal workspace hypothesis, we propose a taxonomy that distinguishes between vigilance and access to conscious report, as well as between subliminal, preconscious and conscious processing. We suggest that these distinctions map onto different neural mechanisms, and that conscious perception is systematically associated with surges of parieto-frontal activity causing top-down amplification. 相似文献
56.
It is commonly assumed across the language sciences that some semantic participant information is lexically encoded and some is not. In this article, we propose that semantic obligatoriness and verb class specificity are criteria which influence whether semantic information is lexically encoded. We present a comprehensive survey of the English verbal lexicon and two continuation studies which confirm that both factors play a role in the lexical encoding of participant information. 相似文献
57.
Depression is one of the most prevalent disorders in the general population, causing personal and social disability and impairment. Major studies assessing the diagnosis and management of depression have shown that it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. A pan-European study aimed at assessing the extent and consequences of depression in six different countries is reported in this article. Different types of depressive profiles are analyzed and their respective management has been compared. The importance of improving diagnosis and treatment of depression is underlined. Appropriate management of depression depends on the recognition of depressive symptoms by patients, their possibility of seeking care, and the ability of the primary care physician to recognize the disorder and prescribe the appropriate medicines. Improvement in all of these fields is necessary. 相似文献
58.
Andreas Brocher Jean-Pierre Koenig 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2016,12(1):50-66
Negative compatibility effects (NCEs)—that is, slower responses to targets in
related than unrelated prime-target pairs, have been observed in studies using
stimulus-response (S-R) priming with stimuli like arrows and plus signs.
Although there is no consensus on the underlying mechanism, explanations tend to
locate NCEs within the motor-response system. A characteristic property of
perceptuo-motor NCEs is a biphasic pattern of activation: A brief period in
which very briefly presented (typically) masked primes facilitate processing of
related targets is followed by a phase of target processing impairment. In this
paper, we present data that suggest that NCEs are not restricted to S-R priming
with low-level visual stimuli: The brief (50 ms), backward masked (250 ms)
presentation of ambiguous words (bank) leads to slower
responses than baseline to words related to the more frequent
(rob) but not less frequent meaning
(swim). Importantly, we found that slowed responses are
preceded by a short phase of response facilitation, replicating the biphasic
pattern reported for arrows and plus signs. The biphasic pattern of priming and
the fact that the NCEs were found only for target words that are related to
their prime word’s more frequent meaning has strong implications for any theory
of NCEs that locate these effects exclusively within the motor-response system. 相似文献
59.
Bergeron L Valla JP Smolla N Piché G Berthiaume C St-Georges M 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(3):459-474
There are relatively few community-based epidemiological studies in which correlates of
depressive disorders were identified through multivariate analyses in children and adolescents aged 6--14
years. Moreover, several family characteristics (e.g., parent-child relationship) have never been explored in
this regard. The purpose of this study was twofold. Using data from the Quebec Child Mental Health Survey,
it sought: (1) to identify psychosocial correlates associated with depressive disorder in two age-groups (6--11 and 12-14
years) according to informant (child/adolescent, parent); and (2) to interpret the relative
importance of correlates by ranking variables according to strength and consistency of association across
age-groups. Logistic regression models show correlates to be inconsistent across informants. The ranking of
correlates indicates a major contribution of only-child status/ordinal position, parent's major depressive
disorder, stressful family events, and parent-child relationship, thereby supporting the hypothesis of the
relevance of family context in the development of depression. 相似文献
60.
Christiane Robert-Tissot Bertrand Cramer Daniel N. Stern Sandra Rusconi Serpa Jean-Pierre Bachmann Francisco Palacio-Espasa Dora Knauer Muriel De Muralt Catherine Berney Gregoria Mendiguren 《Infant mental health journal》1996,17(2):97-114
The effects of brief mother–infant psychotherapies (maximum of 10 sessions) were examined in cases of functional and behavioral disturbances in children less than 30 months old. Seventy-five mother-infant dyads were assessed prior to treatment, at 1 week, and 6 months after therapy ended. The outcome measures were changes in the infant's symptoms, the behavioral interactions between mother and infant, and maternal representations. The effect of two forms of intervention—Psychodynamic Therapy and Interaction Guidance Therapy—were compared. Results indicated a significant symptom reduction; dyadic interactions became more harmonious (mothers became less intrusive and infants more cooperative). Maternal self-esteem grew significantly and negative affects decreased. Improvements lasted as least several months, with some positive improvement detected at the 6-month follow-up. No major difference in outcome was found between the effects of the two forms of intervention. Within the limitations of research in a clinical context, this study suggests that brief mother–infant psychotherapies are a cost-effective method of early intervention. 相似文献